کشور
Mazanderani
Noun
کشور (transliteration needed)
Pashto
Noun
کشور • (kišwár) m
Declension
References
- “کشور”, in Pashto Dictionary, Peshawar, Pakistan: Pukhtoogle, 2020.
- Pashtoon, Zeeya A. (2009) “کشور”, in Pashto–English Dictionary, Hyattsville: Dunwoody Press
Persian
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Persian 𐭪𐭱𐭥𐭥 (kišvar), from Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬀 (karšvar, “realm, region; one of the seven realms of the world”), from the root 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬱𐬀 (karš-, “to plough”) (the same root as کشیدن (kašidan, “to pull, draw, stretch”), hence "a tract of land bordered by a ploughed line".
The term, a Middle Persian ecclesiastical borrowing from Avestan, originally referred to the "seven realms of the (known) world" to the ancient Iranic people, which was virtually only the ancient Indo-Iranian world of Inner Asia. With the expansion of knowledge of the world during the Middle Iranian era, the term expanded to refer to more broader regions. With the secularization of the term following the rise of Islam in Persia, it came to refer to realms, countries, or territories more generally.
Compare Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), Sogdian 𐫐𐫏𐫢𐫛 (kyšp /kišp/, “country”), and Parthian (kišfar).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key):
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key):
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key):
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | kišwar |
| Dari reading? | kišwar |
| Iranian reading? | kešvar |
| Tajik reading? | kišvar |
Noun
| Dari | کشور |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | кишвар |
کِشْوَر • (kešvar) (plural کشورها (kešvar-hâ))
Inflection
| Basic forms of کشور (kešvar) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| bare | کشور (kešvar) |
کشورها (kešvar-hấ) کشورا △ (kešvarấ) |
| definitive direct object | کشور را (kešvar râ) کشور رو △ (kešvaro) |
کشورها را (kešvar-hấ râ) کشورا رو △ (kešvarấ ro) |
| ezâfe | کشور (kešvar-e) |
کشورهای (kešvar-hấ-ye) کشورای △ (kešvarấ-ye) |
| marked indefinite or relative definite |
کشوری (kešvar-i) |
کشورهایی (kešvarấn-i, kešvar-hấ-i) کشورایی △ (kešvarấi) |
| △ Colloquial. | ||
Derived terms
- هفت کشور (haft-kešvar, “the seven realms”)
Urdu
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian کشور (kišwar, “realm, region; country; kingdom, territory; clime”).
Cognate Pashto کشور (kišwár), Central Kurdish کیشوه‌ر (kîşwer, “continent”), and Sogdian (kyšp /kišp/, “country”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kɪʃ.ʋəɾ/
Noun
کِشْوَر • (kiśvar) m (Hindi spelling किशवर)
Declension
| Declension of کشور | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| direct | کشور (kiśvar) | کشور (kiśvar) | ||||||
| oblique | کشور (kiśvar) | کشوروں (kiśvarõ) | ||||||
| vocative | کشور (kiśvar) | کشورو (kiśvaro) | ||||||
Derived terms
- ہَفت کِشوَر (haft-kišvar, “the seven realms; the world”)
- کِشْوَر آرا (kiśvar ārā)
- کِشْوَر سِتاں (kišvar-sitā)
- کِشْوَر سِتانی (kišvar-sitānī)
- کِشْوَر کُشا (kišvar-kušā, “conqueor”)
- کِشْوَر کُشائی (kišvar-kušā'ī, “conquest”)
- کِشْوَر گِیر (kišvar-gīr)
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kɪ.ʃoːɾ/
Noun
کِشور • (kiśor) m (Hindi spelling किशोर)
Declension
| Declension of کشور | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| direct | کشور (kiśor) | کشور (kiśor) | ||||||
| oblique | کشور (kiśor) | کشوروں (kiśorõ) | ||||||
| vocative | کشور (kiśor) | کشورو (kiśoro) | ||||||
Related terms
Etymology 3
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kʃɔːɾ/
Noun
کْشور • (kśor) m (Hindi spelling क्षौर)