ܟܦܪ

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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܟ ܦ ܪ (k p r)
1 term

The second sense comes from the association of apostatizing and disbelieving in a religion with cursing and reviling; compare Classical Syriac ܟܦܲܪ (kəp̄ar), Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), and Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܵܦܹܪ • (kāpēr) (present participle ܟܦܵܪܵܐ (kpārā), past participle ܟܦܝܼܪܵܐ (kpīrā))

  1. (archaic, formal) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
  2. to curse, revile, blaspheme (usually in regards to religion)
Inflection
Conjugation of ܟܵܦܹܪ (kāpēr)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܝܼ
(kpīr lī) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܘܼܟ݂
(kpīr lūḵ) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ
(kpīr lēh) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܲܢ
(kpīr lan) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ
(kpīr lāwḵōn) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܗܘܿܢ
(kpīr lhōn)
f ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ
(kpīr lāḵ) 		ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܗ̇
(kpīr lāh)
non-past m ܟܵܦܪܹܢ
(kāprēn) 		ܟܵܦܪܹܬ
(kāprēt) 		ܟܵܦܹܪ
(kāpēr) 		ܟܵܦܪܲܚ
(kāpraḥ) 		ܟܵܦܪܝܼܬܘܿܢ
(kāprītōn) 		ܟܵܦܪܝܼ
(kāprī)
f ܟܵܦܪܵܢ
(kāprān) 		ܟܵܦܪܵܬܝ
(kāprāt) 		ܟܵܦܪܵܐ
(kāprā)
imperative m ܟܦܘܿܪ
(kpōr) 		ܟܦܘܿܪܘܼܢ
(kpōrūn)
f ܟܦܘܿܪܝ
(kpōr)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

ܟܦܲܪ • (kpar) m sg (plural ܟܲܦܪ̈ܲܝ (kapray))

  1. singular construct state of ܟܲܦܪܵܐ (kaprā, “hamlet”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ (k-p-r) related to denying; compare Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܘܪ (neḵpor)) (peal construction)

  1. to wipe, wipe clean, scour
  2. (usually with ܒ-) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
    • Peshitta, Matthew 10:22:
      ܡܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܢܟܦܘܪ ܒܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܐܟܦܘܪ ܒܗ ܐܦ ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܒܝ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ.
      man dên də-neḵpor bī qəḏām bənaynāšā, ʾeḵpor bēh ʾāp̄ ʾĕnā qəḏām ʾāḇ də-ḇa-šəmayyā.
      But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.
  3. (with ܡܢ) to repel
  4. (with ܛܝܒܘܬܐ) to be ungrateful

Etymology 2

Intensitive form of the above

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kappar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ (nəḵappar)) (pael construction)

  1. to scour, wipe dry, rub dry (hands etc.)
  2. to wipe away (tears etc.)
  3. (figuratively) to disperse, clear out, blot out; cleanse, purify
  4. to consume; destroy, obliterate
  5. to remove
  6. to compel, apostatise/apostatize, force to deny
  7. to browse

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar)

  1. absolute singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)
  2. construct state singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)

References

  • “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-21
  • Audo, Toma (1897) ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ [Treasure of the Syriac Language] (in Classical Syriac), Mosul: Imprimerie des Pères Dominicains, pages 477b-478b
  • Brock, Sebastian P. & Kiraz, George A. (2015) Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press: ܟܦܪ
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 160b-161a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 223a-b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 644a-b
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