ܟܦܪ

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Assyrian Neo-Aramaic

Etymology 1

Root
ܟ ܦ ܪ (k p r)
1 term

The second sense comes from the association of apostatizing and disbelieving in a religion with cursing and reviling; compare Classical Syriac ܟܦܲܪ (kəp̄ar), Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), and Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܵܦܹܪ • (kāpēr)

  1. (archaic, formal) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
  2. to curse, revile, blaspheme (usually in regards to religion)
Conjugation
Conjugation of ܟܵܦܹܪ
present participle ܟܦܵܪܵܐ (kpārā)
verbal noun ܟܦܵܪܵܐ (kpārā)
singular plural
past participle m ܟܦܝܼܪܵܐ (kpīrā) ܟܦܝܼܪܹ̈ܐ (kpīrē)
f ܟܦܝܼܪܬܵܐ (kpīrtā)
agent noun m ܟܵܦܘܿܪܵܐ (kāpōrā) ܟܵܦܘܿܪܹ̈ܐ (kāpōrē)
f ܟܵܦܘܿܪܬܵܐ (kāpōrtā) ܟܵܦܘܿܪܝ̈ܵܬ݂ܵܐ (kāpōryāṯā)
instance noun ܟܦܵܪܬܵܐ (kpārtā) ܟܦܵܪ̈ܝܵܬ݂ܵܐ (kpāryāṯā)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܝܼ (kpīr lī) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܘܼܟ݂ (kpīr lūḵ) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܹܗ (kpīr lēh) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܲܢ (kpīr lan) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (kpīr lāwḵōn) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܗܘܿܢ (kpīr lhōn)
f ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܟ݂ܝ (kpīr lāḵ) ܟܦܝܼܪ ܠܵܗ̇ (kpīr lāh)
non-past m ܟܵܦܪܹܢ (kāprēn) ܟܵܦܪܹܬ (kāprēt) ܟܵܦܹܪ (kāpēr) ܟܵܦܪܲܚ (kāpraḥ) ܟܵܦܪܝܼܬܘܿܢ (kāprītōn) ܟܵܦܪܝܼ (kāprī)
f ܟܵܦܪܵܢ (kāprān) ܟܵܦܪܵܬܝ (kāprāt) ܟܵܦܪܵܐ (kāprā)
imperative m ܟܦܘܿܪ (kpōr) ܟܦܘܿܪܘܼܢ (kpōrūn)
f ܟܦܘܿܪܝ (kpōr)
passive past m ܟܦܝܼܪܸܢ (kpīrin) ܟܦܝܼܪܸܬ (kpīrit) ܟܦܝܼܪ (kpīr) ܟܦܝܼܪܸܚ (kpīriḥ) ܟܦܝܼܪܝܼܬܘܿܢ (kpīrītōn) ܟܦܝܼܪܝܼ (kpīrī)
f ܟܦܝܼܪܲܢ (kpīran) ܟܦܝܼܪܲܬܝ (kpīrat) ܟܦܝܼܪܵܐ (kpīrā)

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Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Noun

ܟܦܲܪ • (kpar) m sg (plural ܟܲܦܪ̈ܲܝ (kapray))

  1. singular construct state of ܟܲܦܪܵܐ (kaprā, “hamlet”)

Classical Syriac

Etymology 1

From the root ܟ-ܦ-ܪ (k-p-r) related to denying; compare Arabic كَفَرَ (kafara), Hebrew כָּפַר (kāp̄ar).

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܘܪ (neḵpor)) (peal construction)

  1. to wipe, wipe clean, scour
  2. (usually with ܒ-) to deny, refuse, renounce, give up, apostatise/apostatize
    • Peshitta, Matthew 10:22:
      ܡܢ ܕܝܢ ܕܢܟܦܘܪ ܒܝ ܩܕܡ ܒܢܝ̈ܢܫܐ. ܐܟܦܘܪ ܒܗ ܐܦ ܐܢܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܒܝ ܕܒܫܡܝܐ.
      man dên də-neḵpor bī qəḏām bənaynāšā, ʾeḵpor bēh ʾāp̄ ʾĕnā qəḏām ʾāḇ də-ḇa-šəmayyā.
      But whosoever shall deny me before men, him will I also deny before my Father which is in heaven.
  3. (with ܡܢ) to repel
  4. (with ܛܝܒܘܬܐ) to be ungrateful

Etymology 2

Intensitive form of the above

Pronunciation

Verb

ܟܦܪ • (kappar) (imperfect ܢܟܦܪ (nəḵappar)) (pael construction)

  1. to scour, wipe dry, rub dry (hands etc.)
  2. to wipe away (tears etc.)
  3. (figuratively) to disperse, clear out, blot out; cleanse, purify
  4. to consume; destroy, obliterate
  5. to remove
  6. to compel, apostatise/apostatize, force to deny
  7. to browse

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

Noun

ܟܦܪ • (kəp̄ar)

  1. absolute singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)
  2. construct state singular of ܟܦܪܐ (kap̄rā, “hamlet”)

References

  • “kpr”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–, retrieved 2021-07-21
  • Audo, Toma (1897) ܣܝܡܬܐ ܕܠܫܢܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ [Treasure of the Syriac Language] (in Classical Syriac), Mosul: Imprimerie des Pères Dominicains, pages 477b-478b
  • Brock, Sebastian P. & Kiraz, George A. (2015) Gorgias Concise Syriac-English, English-Syriac Dictionary, Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias Press: ܟܦܪ
  • Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, pages 160b-161a
  • Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 223a-b
  • Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, page 644a-b
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