क्षुर

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

क्षुरी f (kṣúrī)

Alternative scripts

ক্ষুৰ (Assamese script)
ᬓ᭄ᬱᬸᬭ (Balinese script)
ক্ষুর (Bengali script)
𑰎𑰿𑰬𑰲𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀓𑁆𑀱𑀼𑀭 (Brahmi script)
က္ၑုရ (Burmese script)
ક્ષુર (Gujarati script)
ਕ੍ਸ਼ੁਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌕𑍍𑌷𑍁𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦏ꧀ꦰꦸꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂍𑂹𑂭𑂳𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಕ್ಷುರ (Kannada script)
ក្ឞុរ (Khmer script)
ກ຺ຩຸຣ (Lao script)
ക്ഷുര (Malayalam script)
ᡬᢢᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘎𑘿𑘬𑘳𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢉᢔᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦮𑧠𑧌𑧔𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐎𑑂𑐲𑐸𑐬 (Newa script)
କ୍ଷୁର (Odia script)
ꢒ꣄ꢰꢸꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆑𑇀𑆰𑆶𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖎𑖿𑖬𑖲𑖨 (Siddham script)
ක්‍ෂුර (Sinhalese script)
𑩜 𑪙𑪀𑩒𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚊𑚶𑚰𑚤 (Takri script)
க்ஷுர (Tamil script)
క్షుర (Telugu script)
กฺษุร (Thai script)
ཀྵུ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒏𑓂𑒭𑒳𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨋𑩇𑨯𑨃𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *kes-

Proto-Indo-European *ksew-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás

Sanskrit क्षुर (kṣura)

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšurás (“razor, knife”), from Proto-Indo-European *ksu-ró-s (“razor”), from *ksew- (“to scrape, shave”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ξῠρόν (xurón, “razor”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /kʂu.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ˈkʂu.ɾɐ/

Noun

क्षुर • (kṣurá) stem, m

a razor
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.4.14:
  सं नः शिशीहि भुरिजोरिव क्षुरं रास्व रायो विमोचन ।
  saṃ naḥ śiśīhi bhurijoriva kṣuraṃ rāsva rāyo vimocana.
  Sharpen us like a razor in the barber's hands: send riches thou who settest free.
a razor-like barb or a sharp blade attached to an arrow

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of क्षुर (kṣurá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	क्षुरः kṣuráḥ	क्षुरौ / क्षुरा¹ kṣuraú / kṣurā́¹	क्षुराः / क्षुरासः¹ kṣurā́ḥ / kṣurā́saḥ¹
Vocative	क्षुर kṣúra	क्षुरौ / क्षुरा¹ kṣúrau / kṣúrā¹	क्षुराः / क्षुरासः¹ kṣúrāḥ / kṣúrāsaḥ¹
Accusative	क्षुरम् kṣurám	क्षुरौ / क्षुरा¹ kṣuraú / kṣurā́¹	क्षुरान् kṣurā́n
Instrumental	क्षुरेण kṣuréṇa	क्षुराभ्याम् kṣurā́bhyām	क्षुरैः / क्षुरेभिः¹ kṣuraíḥ / kṣurébhiḥ¹
Dative	क्षुराय kṣurā́ya	क्षुराभ्याम् kṣurā́bhyām	क्षुरेभ्यः kṣurébhyaḥ
Ablative	क्षुरात् kṣurā́t	क्षुराभ्याम् kṣurā́bhyām	क्षुरेभ्यः kṣurébhyaḥ
Genitive	क्षुरस्य kṣurásya	क्षुरयोः kṣuráyoḥ	क्षुराणाम् kṣurā́ṇām
Locative	क्षुरे kṣuré	क्षुरयोः kṣuráyoḥ	क्षुरेषु kṣuréṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Awadhi: छूरा (chūrā)
Dardic:
- Dameli: (c̣huri)
- Domaaki: (čuri)
- Kalami: (c̣hur)
- Kalasha: (c̣hūři)
- Kashmiri: (khūru)
- Phalura: c̣huúr
- Shina: (c̣ūr)
- Torwali: (c̣hū)
Helu Prakrit:
- Sinhalese: සිරිය (siriya)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Assamese: ছুৰী (suri)
- Bengali: ছুরি (churi)
- Bihari: छूरा (chūrā)
  - Maithili: छूरा (chūrā), छूरी (chūrī)
  - Bhojpuri: छूरा (chūrā)
- Odia: ଛୁରା (churā), ଛୁରୀ (churi)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Old Marathi: सुरा (surā), सुरी (surī)
  - Marathi: सुरा (surā), सुरी (surī)
Pali: khura
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀙𑀼𑀭 (chura), 𑀙𑀼𑀭𑀻 (churī)
- Garhwali: छुरी (churī)
- Gujarati: છરો (charo), છરી (charī)
- Hindi: छुरा (churā), छुरी (churī)
- Kumaoni: छुरो (churo), छुरी (churī)
- Nepali: छुरा (churā)
- Punjabi: ਛੁਰਾ (churā), ਛੁਰੀ (churī)
- Romani: ćhuri, churi, shuri (Anglicized), ćhurik, ćuri, śuri (International Standard), čhuri, čuri, šuri (Pan-Vlax)
  - Tavringer Romani: tjuro, tjuring
    - → Swedish: tjuring
  - Romanian: șuriu
  - French: surin
    - → French: suriner
  - Traveller Norwegian: kjuring
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: kjuring
- Sindhi: छुरी (churī)
→ Telugu: క్షురము (kṣuramu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “क्षुर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 331/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 435-6
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “kṣurá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press