घृत
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See also: घात
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঘৃত (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬺᬢ (Balinese script)
- ঘৃত (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰴𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀾𑀢 (Brahmi script)
- ဃၖတ (Burmese script)
- ઘૃત (Gujarati script)
- ਘ੍ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑍃𑌤 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦽꦠ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑃂𑂞 (Kaithi script)
- ಘೃತ (Kannada script)
- ឃ្ឫត (Khmer script)
- ຆ຺ຣິຕ (Lao script)
- ഘൃത (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘵𑘝 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧖𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐺𑐟 (Newa script)
- ଘୃତ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢺꢡ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆸𑆠 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖴𑖝 (Siddham script)
- ඝෘත (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍𑚙 (Takri script)
- க்⁴ரித (Tamil script)
- ఘృత (Telugu script)
- ฆฺฤต (Thai script)
- གྷྲྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒵𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨼𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, to ceremonially anoint, to sprinkle”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Adjective
घृत • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृतः (ghṛtáḥ) | घृतौ (ghṛtaú) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) घृतासः¹ (ghṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | घृत (ghṛ́ta) | घृतौ (ghṛ́tau) घृता¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
घृताः (ghṛ́tāḥ) घृतासः¹ (ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृतौ (ghṛtaú) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृतान् (ghṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛténa) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaíḥ) घृतेभिः¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृताय (ghṛtā́ya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtásya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛtéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृता (ghṛtā́) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| vocative | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृताः (ghṛ́tāḥ) |
| accusative | घृताम् (ghṛtā́m) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | घृतया (ghṛtáyā) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभिः (ghṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | घृतायै (ghṛtā́yai) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतायाः (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृतायै² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतायाः (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृतायै² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृतायाम् (ghṛtā́yām) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतासु (ghṛtā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| vocative | घृत (ghṛ́ta) | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृतानि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
| accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛténa) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaíḥ) घृतेभिः¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृताय (ghṛtā́ya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtásya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛtéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
From घृ (ghṛ, “to shine, burn”) + -त (-ta, verbal adjective suffix).
Adjective
घृत • (ghṛtá) stem
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृतः (ghṛtáḥ) | घृतौ (ghṛtaú) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) घृतासः¹ (ghṛtā́saḥ¹) |
| vocative | घृत (ghṛ́ta) | घृतौ (ghṛ́tau) घृता¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
घृताः (ghṛ́tāḥ) घृतासः¹ (ghṛ́tāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृतौ (ghṛtaú) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृतान् (ghṛtā́n) |
| instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛténa) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaíḥ) घृतेभिः¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृताय (ghṛtā́ya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtásya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛtéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृता (ghṛtā́) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| vocative | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृताः (ghṛ́tāḥ) |
| accusative | घृताम् (ghṛtā́m) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृताः (ghṛtā́ḥ) |
| instrumental | घृतया (ghṛtáyā) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभिः (ghṛtā́bhiḥ) |
| dative | घृतायै (ghṛtā́yai) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतायाः (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृतायै² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृताभ्यः (ghṛtā́bhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतायाः (ghṛtā́yāḥ) घृतायै² (ghṛtā́yai²) |
घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृतायाम् (ghṛtā́yām) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतासु (ghṛtā́su) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| vocative | घृत (ghṛ́ta) | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृतानि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
| accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛténa) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaíḥ) घृतेभिः¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृताय (ghṛtā́ya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtásya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛtéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 3
Of uncertain origin.
Traditionally derived from the root घृ (ghṛ, “to rub, sprinkle”) and compared with विघृत (vighṛta, “besprinkled, dripping”).[1] However, considering that the word refers to "melted (heated) butter", it is more likely that the word derives from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰr-tos, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”). In the latter case, cognate with Etymology 2, as well as Middle Irish gert (“a product of cattle excluding calves, esp. milk or manure”).[2]
Noun
घृत • (ghṛtá) stem, n
- ghee
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.86.6:
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
ता सू॒रिषु॒ श्रवो॑ बृ॒हद्र॒यिं गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृत॒मिषं॑ गृ॒णत्सु॑ दिधृतम्॥- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
tā́ sūríṣu śrávo bṛhádrayíṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtamíṣaṃ gṛṇátsu didhṛtam. - The strength-bestowing offering thus to Indra-Agni have been paid, as butter, purified by stones. Deal to our princes high renown, deal wealth to those who sing your praise, deal food to those who sing your praise.
- evéndrāgníbhyāmáhāvi havyáṃ śūṣyàṃ ghṛtáṃ ná pūtámádribhiḥ.
- ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्या॒महा॑वि ह॒व्यं शू॒ष्यं॑ घृ॒तं न पू॒तमद्रि॑भिः।
- fat
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| vocative | घृत (ghṛ́ta) | घृते (ghṛ́te) | घृतानि (ghṛ́tāni) घृता¹ (ghṛ́tā¹) |
| accusative | घृतम् (ghṛtám) | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतानि (ghṛtā́ni) घृता¹ (ghṛtā́¹) |
| instrumental | घृतेन (ghṛténa) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतैः (ghṛtaíḥ) घृतेभिः¹ (ghṛtébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | घृताय (ghṛtā́ya) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | घृतात् (ghṛtā́t) | घृताभ्याम् (ghṛtā́bhyām) | घृतेभ्यः (ghṛtébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | घृतस्य (ghṛtásya) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतानाम् (ghṛtā́nām) |
| locative | घृते (ghṛté) | घृतयोः (ghṛtáyoḥ) | घृतेषु (ghṛtéṣu) |
- ¹Vedic
Related terms
- सर्पिस् (sarpís)
Descendants
Descendants
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 516
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 212-3
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899) “घृत”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 0378/2, 0379/1.
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ghrta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 243