मृद्

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Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *mŕ̥ts, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *mŕ̥ts, from Proto-Indo-European *mĺ̥dʰ-s. Cognate with मृदु (mṛdu, “soft, weak”) Ancient Greek μάλθη (málthē), Old English molde (whence English mold).

Noun

मृद् • (mṛ́d) stem, f

  1. earth, soil, clay, loam
  2. a piece of earth, lump of clay
  3. a kind of fragrant earth
  4. aluminous slate
Declension
Feminine root-stem declension of मृद् (mṛ́d)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative मृत्
mṛ́t 		मृदौ / मृदा¹
mṛ́dau / mṛ́dā¹ 		मृदः
mṛ́daḥ
Vocative मृत्
mṛ́t 		मृदौ / मृदा¹
mṛ́dau / mṛ́dā¹ 		मृदः
mṛ́daḥ
Accusative मृदम्
mṛ́dam 		मृदौ / मृदा¹
mṛ́dau / mṛ́dā¹ 		मृदः
mṛ́daḥ
Instrumental मृदा
mṛdā́ 		मृद्भ्याम्
mṛdbhyā́m 		मृद्भिः
mṛdbhíḥ
Dative मृदे
mṛdé 		मृद्भ्याम्
mṛdbhyā́m 		मृद्भ्यः
mṛdbhyáḥ
Ablative मृदः
mṛdáḥ 		मृद्भ्याम्
mṛdbhyā́m 		मृद्भ्यः
mṛdbhyáḥ
Genitive मृदः
mṛdáḥ 		मृदोः
mṛdóḥ 		मृदाम्
mṛdā́m
Locative मृदि
mṛdí 		मृदोः
mṛdóḥ 		मृत्सु
mṛtsú
Notes
  • ¹Vedic
Descendants
  • → Tamil: மிருதை (mirutai)

Etymology 2

From a conflation of two roots, Proto-Indo-European *(s)merd- (“to hurt, sting”) (represented by मर्द् (mard, “to crush”))[1] and *mled-, *(s)meld- (“to be soft, melt”) (represented by म्रद् (mrad, “to be weak, soft”)). The two roots became confused within Indo-Aryan early on during the Vedic era. Examples for each root include मर्दति (mardati) for the former, and विम्रद् (vimrad, “to soften”) and perhaps मृदु (mṛdu) for the latter.[2][3]

Alternative forms

Root

मृद् • (mṛd)

  1. to press, squeeze, crush, smash, trample down, tread upon,
  2. to destroy, kill, waste, ravage, kill, slay
  3. to rub, stroke, wipe (e.g. the forehead)
  4. to rub into, mingle with
  5. to rub against, touch, pass through (a constellation)
  6. to overcome, surpass
Derived terms
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root मृद् (0 c, 3 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root मृद् (1 c, 0 e)
Primary Verbal Forms
Secondary Forms
Non-Finite Forms
Derived Nominal Forms
Prefixed Root Forms

References

  • Monier Williams (1899) “मृद्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, , new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 830, columns 1-2.
  • William Dwight Whitney, 1885, The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 126
  • Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893) “मृद्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
  • Otto Böhtlingk, Richard Schmidt (1879-1928) “मृद्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
  • Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mṛd”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 328; 372; 386-7
  • Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 373
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 735
  1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 303
  2. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 316-7
  3. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 179-80
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