ἔφαγον

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Ancient Greek

Etymology

According to Beekes, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰh₂g-, zero-grade of *bʰeh₂g- (“to divide, distribute”),[1] with a semantic shift “*I received a share” → “*I consumed” → “I ate”. Compare also βαγαῖος (bagaîos).

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἔφᾰγον • (éphagon)

  1. to eat, devour
    1. to eat up, devour, squander
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Inflection

No present tense, except for φᾰγεῖ (phageî) and φᾰγέοις (phagéois) in later Greek. Generally suppleted with ἐσθῐ́ω (esthíō) and ἔδω (édō). Also see τρώγω (trṓgō).

   Aorist: ἔφᾰγον, ἐφᾰγόμην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔφᾰγον ἔφᾰγες ἔφᾰγε(ν) ἐφᾰ́γετον ἐφᾰγέτην ἐφᾰ́γομεν ἐφᾰ́γετε ἔφᾰγον
subjunctive φᾰ́γω φᾰ́γῃς φᾰ́γῃ φᾰ́γητον φᾰ́γητον φᾰ́γωμεν φᾰ́γητε φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν)
optative φᾰ́γοιμῐ φᾰ́γοις φᾰ́γοι φᾰ́γοιτον φᾰγοίτην φᾰ́γοιμεν φᾰ́γοιτε φᾰ́γοιεν
imperative   φᾰ́γε φᾰγέτω φᾰ́γετον φᾰγέτων   φᾰ́γετε φᾰγόντων
middle indicative ἐφᾰγόμην ἐφᾰ́γου ἐφᾰ́γετο ἐφᾰ́γεσθον ἐφᾰγέσθην ἐφᾰγόμεθᾰ ἐφᾰ́γεσθε ἐφᾰ́γοντο
subjunctive φᾰ́γωμαι φᾰ́γῃ φᾰ́γηται φᾰ́γησθον φᾰ́γησθον φᾰγώμεθᾰ φᾰ́γησθε φᾰ́γωνται
optative φᾰγοίμην φᾰ́γοιο φᾰ́γοιτο φᾰ́γοισθον φᾰγοίσθην φᾰγοίμεθᾰ φᾰ́γοισθε φᾰ́γοιντο
imperative   φᾰγοῦ φᾰγέσθω φᾰ́γεσθον φᾰγέσθων   φᾰ́γεσθε φᾰγέσθων
active middle
infinitive φᾰγεῖν φᾰγέσθαι
participle m φᾰγών φᾰγόμενος
f φᾰγοῦσᾰ φᾰγομένη
n φᾰγόν φᾰγόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: φᾰ́γον, φᾰγόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative φᾰ́γον φᾰ́γες φᾰ́γε(ν) φᾰ́γετον φᾰγέτην φᾰ́γομεν φᾰ́γετε φᾰ́γον
subjunctive φᾰ́γω,
φᾰ́γωμῐ 		φᾰ́γῃς,
φᾰ́γῃσθᾰ 		φᾰ́γῃ,
φᾰ́γῃσῐ 		φᾰ́γητον φᾰ́γητον φᾰ́γωμεν φᾰ́γητε φᾰ́γωσῐ(ν)
optative φᾰ́γοιμῐ φᾰ́γοις/φᾰ́γοισθᾰ φᾰ́γοι φᾰγεῖτον φᾰγείτην φᾰγεῖμεν φᾰγεῖτε φᾰγεῖεν
imperative   φᾰ́γε φᾰγέτω φᾰ́γετον φᾰγέτων   φᾰ́γετε φᾰγόντων
middle indicative φᾰγόμην φᾰ́γεο φᾰ́γετο φᾰ́γεσθον φᾰγέσθην φᾰγόμε(σ)θᾰ φᾰ́γεσθε φᾰ́γοντο
subjunctive φᾰ́γωμαι φᾰ́γηαι φᾰ́γηται φᾰ́γησθον φᾰ́γησθον φᾰγώμε(σ)θᾰ φᾰ́γησθε φᾰ́γωνται
optative φᾰγοίμην φᾰ́γοιο φᾰ́γοιτο φᾰ́γοισθον φᾰγοίσθην φᾰγοίμε(σ)θᾰ φᾰ́γοισθε φᾰγοίᾰτο
imperative   φᾰ́γεο φᾰγέσθω φᾰ́γεσθον φᾰγέσθων   φᾰ́γεσθε φᾰγέσθων
active middle
infinitive φᾰγεῖν/φᾰγέμεν(αι) φᾰγέσθαι
participle m φᾰγών φᾰγόμενος
f φᾰγοῦσᾰ φᾰγομένη
n φᾰγόν φᾰγόμενον
Notes:
Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: φᾰ́γομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
middle indicative φᾰ́γομαι φᾰ́γῃ,
φᾰ́γει 		φᾰ́γεται φᾰ́γεσθον φᾰ́γεσθον φᾰγόμεθᾰ φᾰ́γεσθε φᾰ́γονται
optative φᾰγοίμην φᾰ́γοιο φᾰ́γοιτο φᾰ́γοισθον φᾰγοίσθην φᾰγοίμεθᾰ φᾰ́γοισθε φᾰ́γοιντο
middle
infinitive φᾰ́γεσθαι
participle m φᾰγόμενος
f φᾰγομένη
n φᾰγόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

Descendants

  • → English: phago-
  • Greek: έφαγα (éfaga) (perfective forms of τρώω (tróo))

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φᾰγεῖν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1543

Further reading

Wikious
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