ῥόδον

Ancient Greek

From Proto-Hellenic *wródon, borrowed from some Eastern language, most likely Proto-Iranian *wardah (“flower, rose”) (compare Mycenaean Greek 𐀺𐀈𐀸 (wo-do-we), Old Persian *vr̥dah, Aramaic 𐡅𐡀𐡓𐡃𐡀 (warda), Classical Syriac ܘܪܕܐ (wardā), Old Armenian վարդ (vard), Demotic wrṱ, Arabic وردة (warda), Persian (gol) – all from the same source).^[1] An alternative source could possibly be as a Pre-Greek loan, such as Thracian (the rose was native to Thrace).^[2] Rüdiger Schmitt believes that, based on phonological and historical grounds, borrowing from Iranian is unlikely.^[3]

Latin rosa (“rose”) is likely a loanword from Ancient Greek.

ῥόδον • (rhódon) n (genitive ῥόδου, diminutive ῥοδάριον); second declension

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon	τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō	τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda
Genitive	τοῦ ῥόδου toû rhódou	τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin	τῶν ῥόδων tôn rhódōn
Dative	τῷ ῥόδῳ tôi rhódōi	τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin	τοῖς ῥόδοις toîs rhódois
Accusative	τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon	τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō	τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda
Vocative	ῥόδον rhódon	ῥόδω rhódō	ῥόδᾰ rhóda
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon	τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō	τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda
Genitive	τοῦ ῥόδου toû rhódou	τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin	τῶν ῥόδων tôn rhódōn
Dative	τῷ ῥόδῳ tôi rhódōi	τοῖν ῥόδοιν toîn rhódoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν ῥόδοισῐ / ῥόδοισῐν / ῥόδοις toîsi(n) rhódoisi(n) / rhódois
Accusative	τὸ ῥόδον tò rhódon	τὼ ῥόδω tṑ rhódō	τᾰ̀ ῥόδᾰ tà rhóda
Vocative	ῥόδον rhódon	ῥόδω rhódō	ῥόδᾰ rhóda
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ῥόδον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1289-90
^ T. G. Tucker, Etymological Dictionary of Latin, Ares Publishers, 1976 (reprint of 1931 edition).
^ Rüdiger Schmitt (2017 May 7 (last accessed)) “Greece xi–xii. Persian Loanwords and Names in Greek”, in Encyclopædia Iranica‎, archived from the original on 17 May 2017.