先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂

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See also: 先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐

Chinese

Show concern before the world does; enjoy yourself after the world does
under heaven; the world; everything under the sky
under heaven; the world; everything under the sky; all under heaven
 
 's; him/her/it; this worried
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
 
 worried
back; behind; rear
back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later
 
under heaven; the world; everything under the sky
under heaven; the world; everything under the sky; all under heaven
 
 's; him/her/it; this
music; happy; laugh
music; happy; laugh; cheerful
 
and; as well as; but (not)
and; as well as; but (not); yet (not); (shows causal relation); (shows change of state); (shows contrast)
 
music; happy; laugh
music; happy; laugh; cheerful
 
trad. (先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂) 先 天下 之 憂 而 憂 ， 後 天下 之 樂 而 樂
simp. (先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐) 先 天下 之 忧 而 忧 ， 后 天下 之 乐 而 乐

Etymology

From Yueyang Lou Ji by 范仲淹 (Fan Zhongyan):

然則何時而樂耶？其必曰：「先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂」歟！ [Classical Chinese, trad.]
然则何时而乐耶？其必曰：「先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐」欤！ [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 范仲淹 (Fan Zhongyan), 《岳陽樓記》
Ránzé héshí ér yuè yē? Qí bì yuē: “Xiān tiānxià zhī yōu ér yōu, hòu tiānxià zhī yuè ér yuè” yú!
So when will they be joyful? They will surely say, "Be concerned before the world is, and be joyful only after the world is joyful."

Pronunciation

  • Mandarin
    • (Standard Chinese)+
      • Hanyu Pinyin: xiān tiānxià zhī yōu ér yōu, hòu tiānxià zhī lè ér lè
      • Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓ ㄧㄡ ㄦˊ ㄧㄡ , ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄧㄢ ㄒㄧㄚˋ ㄓ ㄌㄜˋ ㄦˊ ㄌㄜˋ
      • Tongyong Pinyin: sian tiansià jhih you ér you, hòu tiansià jhih lè ér lè
      • Wade–Giles: hsien1 tʻien1-hsia4 chih1 yu1 êrh2 yu1, hou4 tʻien1-hsia4 chih1 lê4 êrh2 lê4
      • Yale: syān tyān-syà jr̄ yōu ér yōu-, hòu tyān-syà jr̄ lè ér lè
      • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shian tianshiah jy iou erl iou, how tianshiah jy leh erl leh
      • Palladius: сянь тянься чжи ю эр ю, хоу тянься чжи лэ эр лэ (sjanʹ tjanʹsja čži ju er ju, xou tjanʹsja čži lɛ er lɛ)
      • Sinological IPA (key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ joʊ̯⁵⁵ ˀɤɻ³⁵ joʊ̯⁵⁵ xoʊ̯⁵¹ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ɕi̯ä⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ lɤ⁵¹ ˀɤɻ³⁵ lɤ⁵¹/
  • Cantonese
    • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
      • Jyutping: sin1 tin1 haa6 zi1 jau1 ji4 jau1, hau6 tin1 haa6 zi1 lok6 ji4 lok6
      • Yale: sīn tīn hah jī yāu yìh yāu, hauh tīn hah jī lohk yìh lohk
      • Cantonese Pinyin: sin1 tin1 haa6 dzi1 jau1 ji4 jau1, hau6 tin1 haa6 dzi1 lok9 ji4 lok9
      • Guangdong Romanization: xin1 tin1 ha6 ji1 yeo1 yi4 yeo1, heo6 tin1 ha6 ji1 log6 yi4 log6
      • Sinological IPA (key): /siːn⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵ haː²² t͡siː⁵⁵ jɐu̯⁵⁵ jiː²¹ jɐu̯⁵⁵ hɐu̯²² tʰiːn⁵⁵ haː²² t͡siː⁵⁵ lɔːk̚² jiː²¹ lɔːk̚²/

Idiom

先天下之憂而憂，後天下之樂而樂

  1. be the first to show concern, and the last to enjoy comforts
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