凍死

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Chinese

		to freeze	to die; impassable; uncrossable to die; impassable; uncrossable; inflexible; rigid
trad. (凍死)		凍	死
simp. (冻死)		冻	死

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): dòngsǐ

(Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄙˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): dung³ sei²
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tàng-sí

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: dòngsǐ
  - Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ ㄙˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: dòngsǐh
  - Wade–Giles: tung⁴-ssŭ³
  - Yale: dùng-sž
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donqsyy
  - Palladius: дунсы (dunsy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: dung³ sei²
  - Yale: dung séi
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dung³ sei²
  - Guangdong Romanization: dung³ séi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʊŋ³³ sei̯³⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tàng-sí
  - Tâi-lô: tàng-sí
  - Phofsit Daibuun: darngsie
  - IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ si⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ²¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /taŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ si⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /taŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ si⁴¹/

Verb

凍死

to freeze to death; to die of cold

Japanese

Kanji in this term
凍	死
とう Grade: S	し Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) とーし (Heiban – )
IPA^(key):

Noun

凍(とう)死(し) • (tōshi)

freezing to death; dying of cold; death from cold
Synonym: 凍え死に (kogoejini)

Verb

凍(とう)死(し)する • (tōshi suru) intransitive suru (stem 凍(とう)死(し)し (tōshi shi), past 凍(とう)死(し)した (tōshi shita))

to freeze to death; to die of cold
Synonyms: 凍え死にする (kogoejini suru), 凍え死ぬ (kogoejinu)
- 1937, 寺島柾史, 怪奇人造島‎, 青空文庫:
  
  夕方(ゆうがた)でも、この寒(さむ)さだから、夜(よる)になったら、一層寒(いっそうさむ)さが加(くわ)わるだろう。水(みず)が刃(やいば)のように肌(はだ)を刺(さ)し、僕等(ぼくら)は、明日(あす)を待(ま)たず、凍死(とうし)するにちがいない。
  Yūgata de mo, kono samusa da kara, yoru ni nattara, issō samusa ga kuwawaru darō. Mizu ga yaiba no yō ni hada o sashi, bokura wa, asu o matazu, tōshi suru ni chigai nai.
  It is this cold even at dusk, so it will likely become even colder at night. The chill of the water pierces our skin like a sword. We will surely freeze to death by tomorrow.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "凍死する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	凍死し	とうしし	tōshi shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	凍死し	とうしし	tōshi shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	凍死する	とうしする	tōshi suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	凍死する	とうしする	tōshi suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	凍死すれ	とうしすれ	tōshi sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	凍死せよ¹ 凍死しろ²	とうしせよ¹ とうししろ²	tōshi seyo¹ tōshi shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	凍死される	とうしされる	tōshi sareru
Causative	凍死させる凍死さす	とうしさせるとうしさす	tōshi saseru tōshi sasu
Potential	凍死できる	とうしできる	tōshi dekiru
Volitional	凍死しよう	とうししよう	tōshi shiyō
Negative	凍死しない	とうししない	tōshi shinai
Negative continuative	凍死せず	とうしせず	tōshi sezu
Formal	凍死します	とうしします	tōshi shimasu
Perfective	凍死した	とうしした	tōshi shita
Conjunctive	凍死して	とうしして	tōshi shite
Hypothetical conditional	凍死すれば	とうしすれば	tōshi sureba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative

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