渤海

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Chinese

Bohai Sea ocean; sea
simp. and trad.
(渤海)
alternative forms 勃海
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Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Description of the origins of the term”)

Pronunciation



Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
Initial () (3) (32)
Final () (56) (41)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed Open
Division () I I
Fanqie
Baxter bwot xojX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/buət̚/ /hʌiX/
Pan
Wuyun
/buot̚/ /həiX/
Shao
Rongfen
/buət̚/ /xɒiX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/bwət̚/ /həjX/
Li
Rong
/buət̚/ /xᴀiX/
Wang
Li
/buət̚/ /xɒiX/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/bʱuət̚/ /xɑ̆iX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
hǎi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
but6 hoi2
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
hǎi
Middle
Chinese
‹ xojX ›
Old
Chinese
/*m̥ˁəʔ/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > x-)
English sea

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1 1/1
No. 986 9283
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 0
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*bɯːd/ /*hmlɯːʔ/

Proper noun

渤海

  1. Bohai Sea
  2. () (historical) Bohai Commandery
  3. (~國) (historical) Balhae (multi-ethnic kingdom in Manchuria and the Korean Peninsula)

Synonyms

Derived terms

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (渤海):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
ぼつ > ぼっ
Hyōgai
かい
Grade: 2
kan'yōon on'yomi
Alternative spellings
渤海 (kyūjitai)
勃海
 渤海 (国) on Japanese Wikipedia
 渤海 (海域) on Japanese Wikipedia

Pronunciation

Proper noun

(ぼっ)(かい) (Bokkai

  1. a 7-10th century kingdom located around northern China and Korean; Balhae
  2. the Bohai Sea


Korean

Hanja in this term

Proper noun

渤海 (Balhae) (hangeul 발해)

  1. hanja form? of 발해 (Balhae)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Proper noun

渤海

  1. chữ Hán form of Bột Hải (the Bohai Sea).
  2. chữ Hán form of Bột Hải (a 7-10th century kingdom located around northern China and Korean; Balhae).