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改 . In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
改 , but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
改 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
改 you have here. The definition of the word
改 will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
改 , as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Translingual
Stroke order
Han character
改 (Kangxi radical 66, 攴 +3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 尸山人大 (SUOK ), four-corner 18740 , composition ⿰己 攵 )
Derived characters
𠳚 , 𢚲 , 𢭮 , 𫼿 , 𭦔 , 𣒵 , 𦀻 , 𫏍 , 𱑑 , 𫿐 , 𲂶 , 𦰦 , 𥦄 , 𢚢
References
Kangxi Dictionary: page 468 , character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13114
Dae Jaweon: page 816, character 4
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1450, character 1
Unihan data for U+6539
Chinese
Glyph origin
Old Chinese
改
*klɯːʔ
跽
*ɡrɯʔ
己
*kɯʔ
紀
*kɯʔ
妀
*kɯʔ
記
*kɯs
杞
*kʰɯʔ
屺
*kʰɯʔ
芑
*kʰɯʔ
邔
*kʰɯʔ, *ɡɯs
玘
*kʰɯʔ
忌
*ɡɯs
鵋
*ɡɯs
誋
*ɡɯs
梞
*ɡɯs
改 ( gǎi ) (in the form of 攺) from a Western-Han manuscript of the Yili in the clerical script.
In the oracle bone script, a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声 , OC *klɯːʔ ): phonetic 巳 ( OC *ljɯʔ, *lɯs ) + semantic 攴 .
The interpretation linked to a child beaten or threathened by a stick in hand to indicate "correct, amend" referred to educating a child is probably folk etymology.
Since the small seal script, the phonetic component has been changed to 己 (OC *kɯʔ ).
Etymology 1
Related to 革 (OC *krɯːɡ , “to change”), 更 (OC *kraːŋ , “to change”) (Wang, 1982 ).
Pronunciation
Mandarin
(Standard )
(Pinyin ) : gǎi (gai3 )
(Zhuyin ) : ㄍㄞˇ
(Chengdu , Sichuanese Pinyin ) : gai3
(Xi'an , Guanzhong Pinyin ) : gài
Cantonese
(Guangzhou –Hong Kong , Jyutping ) : goi2
(Dongguan , Jyutping++ ) : gui2
(Taishan , Wiktionary ) : goi2
Gan (Wiktionary ) : gai3
Hakka
(Sixian , PFS ) : kói
(Hailu , HRS ) : goiˊ
(Meixian , Guangdong ) : goi3
Jin (Wiktionary ) : gai3
Northern Min (KCR ) : gǎi
Eastern Min (BUC ) : guōi / gāi
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing ): gai3 / goe3
Southern Min
(Hokkien , POJ ) : kái / kóe / ké
(Teochew , Peng'im ) : goi2
(Leizhou , Leizhou Pinyin ) : gai2 / goi2
Southern Pinghua (Nanning , Jyutping++ ) : gaai2
Wu (Wugniu )
Xiang (Changsha , Wiktionary ) : gai3
Note :
guōi - vernacular;
gāi - literary.
Note :
gai3 - literary;
goe3 - vernacular.
Note :
Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Zhangzhou:
kái - literary ("to change");
kóe/ké - vernacular ("to correct", "to abstain").
Note :
gai2 - literary;
goi2 - vernacular.
Baxter –Sagart system 1.1 (2014 )
Character
改
Reading #
1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)
gǎi
Middle Chinese
‹ kojX ›
Old Chinese
/*C.qˁəʔ/
English
change (v.)
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:
* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;
* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
改
Reading #
1/1
No.
5763
Phonetic component
己
Rime group
之
Rime subdivision
0
Corresponding MC rime
改
Old Chinese
/*klɯːʔ/
Definitions
改
to change ; to transform ; to alter ; to modify
to correct ; to improve
to mark ; to correct ; to grade (homework , an assignment , a test , etc.)
( Hokkien ) to give up ; to quit ; to abstain from (a bad habit)
2016 , “酸酸 ” performed by 詹雅雯 :
聽講 你 菸酒 攏 改 啊 听讲 你 烟酒 拢 改 啊 Thiaⁿ-káng lí hun-chiú lóng kái --ah I heard you've quit smoking and drinking
a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
戒 (“to give up; to quit”)
Compounds
Etymology 2
Probably from Japanese 回( かい ) ( kai ) .
Pronunciation
Definitions
改
( Taiwanese Hokkien ) Classifier for times, as in frequency.
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of
次 (“time (frequency)”)
Variety
Location
Words
Classical Chinese
度
Formal (Written Standard Chinese )
次 , 回 , 遍
Northeastern Mandarin
Taiwan
次
Malaysia
次
Singapore
次
Jilu Mandarin
Jinan
次
Southwestern Mandarin
Chengdu
次 , 回
Guiyang
回
Guilin
回
Liuzhou
回
Jianghuai Mandarin
Yangzhou
回 , 摩 , 次
Cantonese
Guangzhou
次
Hong Kong
次
Macau
次
Rongxian
次
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)
次 , 擺
Ipoh (Guangfu)
次 , 擺
Singapore (Guangfu)
次 , 擺
Bangkok (Guangfu)
次
Betong (Rongxian)
擺
Gan
Nanchang
次 , 回
Pingxiang
次
Hakka
Meixian
擺
Wuhua (Huacheng)
擺
Heyuan (Bendihua)
次
Liannan
次
Jiexi
輪
Changting
回
Wuping
下 , 到
Ninghua
回
Miaoli (N. Sixian)
擺 , 到
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)
擺 , 到
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)
擺 , 到
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)
擺 , 到
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)
擺 , 到
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)
擺 , 回
Hong Kong
次
Senai (Huiyang)
擺
Jin
Taiyuan
次
Eastern Min
Fuzhou
匝
Southern Min
Xiamen
擺 , 斗
Xiamen (Tong'an)
擺
Quanzhou
擺 , 斗
Anxi
擺
Zhangzhou
擺 , 斗
Zhao'an
次 , 擺
Tainan
擺 , 改 , 斗
Penang (Hokkien)
斗
Singapore (Hokkien)
擺
Manila (Hokkien)
擺
Chaozhou
匝 , 過
Jieyang
匝 , 過 , 擺 , 昤
Johor Bahru (Teochew)
次 , 匝
Singapore (Teochew)
擺 , 匝
Leizhou
回
Wenchang
下 , 次
Zhongshan Min
Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi)
遍
Southern Pinghua
Nanning (Tingzi)
次
Wu
Shanghai
次 , 埭 , 趟 , 頓 , 遍 , 場 , 轉 , 下
Shanghai (Chongming)
趟 , 頓 , 場
Suzhou
趟 , 頓 , 場
Danyang
頓 , 場
Hangzhou
埭 , 趟 , 頓 , 通
Ningbo
回 , 埭 , 卯 , 遭 dated , 記
Japanese
Kanji
改
(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji )
reform
correct
change
Readings
Compounds
Etymology
From Middle Chinese 改 (MC kojX ).
Pronunciation
Affix
改( かい ) • (kai )
change ; modify ; reform
Suffix
改( かい ) • (-kai )
revision
revised , modified
チヌ改( かい ) chi-nu-kai Chi-Nu Kai
装輪装甲車( そうりんそうこうしゃ ) (改( かい ) )sōrin-sōkō-sha (kai ) Wheeled Armoured Vehicle (Improved )
Korean
Hanja
改 (eumhun 고칠 개 ( gochil gae ) )
hanja form? of 개 ( “ reform ; fix ” )
Compounds
Vietnamese
Han character
改 : Hán Nôm readings: cải , cãi , gởi , gửi
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