睦

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睦 U+7766, 睦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7766
← 睥
 		CJK Unified Ideographs 睧 →

Translingual

Han character

睦 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月山土金土 (BUGCG), four-corner 64014, composition ⿰目坴)

  1. friendly, amiable, peaceful

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23460
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2494, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+7766

Chinese

trad. 睦
simp. # 睦
alternative forms 𡍬
𡐑
𥄈
𡻲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 睦
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script
Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
睦 *mluɡ
坴 *m·ruɡ
陸 *m·ruɡ
稑 *ruɡ
鵱 *ruɡ
鯥 *ruɡ
淕 *ruɡ
踛 *ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mluɡ) : semantic 目 (“eyes”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Rime
Character 睦
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 屋 (4)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 莫六切
Baxter mjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/mɨuk̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/miuk̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/miuk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/muwk̚/
Li
Rong 		/miuk̚/
Wang
Li 		/mĭuk̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/mi̯uk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		mù
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		muk6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 睦
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		mù
Middle
Chinese 		‹ mjuwk ›
Old
Chinese 		/*mr/
English concord

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. * as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 睦
Reading # 1/1
No. 8531
Phonetic
component 		坴
Rime
group 		幽
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		目
Old
Chinese 		/*mluɡ/
Notes 古文從囧圥聲

Definitions

睦

  1. harmonious

Compounds

References

  • 莆田市荔城区档案馆 , editor (2022), “睦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

Japanese

Kanji

睦

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. harmony

Readings

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

No longer productive in Old Japanese.[1] Only found in lexicalised forms,[1] some of which are listed below.

Pronunciation

Affix

睦(むつ) • (mutsu) 

  1. in good relations
Derived terms

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ(き)
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Proper noun

睦(むつき) • (Mutsuki) 

  1. a male given name

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Frellesvig, Bjarke (2010) A History of the Japanese Language, Cambridge University Press, New York, →ISBN, page 79

Korean

Hanja

睦 (eumhun 화목할 목 (hwamokhal mok))

  1. hanja form? of 목 (“friendly, amiable, peaceful”)

Vietnamese

Han character

睦: Hán Việt readings: mục[1][2][3][4][5]
睦: Nôm readings: mục[1][2]

  1. chữ Hán form of mục (“harmony”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Mục (“a surname”).

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Trần (2004).
  3. ^ Trần (1999).
  4. ^ Nguyễn (1974).
  5. ^ Thiều Chửu (1942).
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