秦始皇
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Chinese
| surname; name of a dynasty | first emperor; Qin Shi Huang (259–210 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (秦始皇) | 秦 | 始皇 | |
| simp. #(秦始皇) | 秦 | 始皇 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄕˇ ㄏㄨㄤˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Cín Shǐhhuáng
- Wade–Giles: Chʻin2 Shih3-huang2
- Yale: Chín Shř-hwáng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Chyn Shyyhwang
- Palladius: Цинь Шихуан (Cinʹ Šixuan)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ ʂʐ̩²¹⁴⁻²¹ xu̯ɑŋ³⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: Чиншыхуон (Činšɨhuon, I-I-I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕʰiŋ²⁴ ʂʐ̩²⁴ xuɑŋ²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ceon4 ci2 wong4
- Yale: chèuhn chí wòhng
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsoen4 tsi2 wong4
- Guangdong Romanization: cên4 qi2 wong4
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɵn²¹ t͡sʰiː³⁵ wɔːŋ²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- Wu
Proper noun
秦始皇
- (historical) Qin Shi Huang (the first emperor of China)
Usage notes
- Although the forms First Emperor, Shi Huangdi, and Shih Huang-ti remain more common in non-scholarly English, 秦始皇 is much more common in modern Chinese, with the non-truncated forms only appearing in scholarly or historical works.
- The personal names 嬴政 (attested since the Three Kingdoms period) and the rare hypercorrections 趙政／赵政 (Zhào Zhèng) (attested since the middle Western Han) are anachronisms: Chinese of the period generally employed their 姓 (xìng, “ancestral names”), 氏 (shì, “clan names”), and 名 (míng, “given names”) separately and not in the compound form of modern Chinese.
- In historical context, referred to as 秦王政 (Qínwáng Zhèng, “Zheng, King of Qin”) before his unification of China.
Synonyms
Noun
秦始皇 (Should we delete(+) this sense?)
- (Wu) expert in writing love letters