๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน

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Gothic

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- + -๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน (-muni), a variant of -๐Œฟ๐Œฑ๐Œฝ๐Œน (-ubni). The latter form suffixed to the same root in the o-grade may have yielded Middle English lฤ“vene (whence English levin), for which reason Lehmann (1986) assumes an o-grade in the Gothic word as well. Close in formation to Old English lฤ“oma (โ€œradiance, lustreโ€) and Latin lลซmen (โ€œlightโ€).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /หˆlษ”(ห)h.mu.ni/

Noun

๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน โ€ข (lauhmunif

  1. lightning (flash of light)
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 10.18:[1]
      ๐Œต๐Œฐ๐Œธ ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œณ๐Œฟ ๐Œน๐Œผ: ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐ˆ ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐ƒ๐…๐Œด ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐Œฐ ๐Œณ๐‚๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ ๐Œฟ๐ƒ ๐Œท๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ.
      qaรพ รพan du im: gasaฦ• satanan swฤ“ lauhmunja driusandan us himina.
      And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. (KJV).
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (Codex Argenteus) 17.24:[2]
      ๐ƒ๐…๐Œฐ๐ƒ๐…๐Œด ๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œน๐Œท๐„๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐‰๐Œฝ๐Œน ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œฐ๐„๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œด๐Œน ๐Œฟ๐ƒ ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ ๐Œฟ๐† ๐Œท๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œธ๐Œฐ๐„๐Œฐ ๐Œฟ๐† ๐Œท๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ ๐ƒ๐Œบ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œธ, ๐ƒ๐…๐Œฐ ๐…๐Œฐ๐Œน๐‚๐Œธ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐ƒ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œฟ๐ƒ ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ ๐ƒ๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œผ๐Œผ๐Œฐ.
      swaswฤ“ raihtis lauhmลni lauhatjandei us รพamma uf himina in รพata uf himina skeiniรพ, swa wairรพiรพ sunus mans in daga seinamma.
      For as the lightning, that lighteneth out of the one part under heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall also the Son of man be in his day. (KJV).
  2. (by extension) any blaze of fire from heaven
    • 4th Century, Wulfila (tr.), Gothic Bible: Second Epistle to the Thessalonians (Codex Argenteus A) 1.7โ€“8:[3]
      ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œน๐Œถ๐…๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œฒ๐Œฐ๐Œธ๐Œฟ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐Œน๐Œฟ๐ƒ๐Œน๐Œป๐Œฐ ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œท๐Œฟ๐Œป๐Œด๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐†๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œพ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œด๐ƒ๐Œฟ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œฐ๐† ๐Œท๐Œน๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐Œผ๐Œน๐Œธ ๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œฒ๐Œน๐Œป๐Œฟ๐Œผ ๐Œผ๐Œฐ๐Œท๐„๐Œฐ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œน๐ƒ, / ๐Œน๐Œฝ ๐†๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œน ๐Œฒ๐Œน๐Œฑ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œนโ€น๐Œฝโ€บ๐ƒ ๐†๐‚๐Œฐ๐…๐Œด๐Œน๐„ ๐Œฝ๐Œน ๐Œบ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œฝ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐Œฒ๐Œฟ๐Œธ ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œท ๐Œฝ๐Œน ๐Œฟ๐†๐Œท๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐ƒ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œฝ๐Œณ๐Œฐ๐Œผ ๐Œฐ๐Œน๐…๐Œฐ๐Œฒ๐Œฒ๐Œด๐Œป๐Œพ๐‰๐Œฝ ๐†๐‚๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œพ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐ƒ๐Œฐ๐‚๐Œน๐ƒ ๐Œน๐Œด๐ƒ๐Œฟ๐Œน๐ƒ ๐‡๐‚๐Œน๐ƒ๐„๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐ƒ,
      jah izwis gaรพulandam iusila miรพ uns in andhuleinai fraujins unsaris iฤ“suis af himinam miรพ aggilum mahtais is, / in funins lauhmunjai gibandiโ€นnโ€บs fraweit ni kunnandam guรพ jah ni ufhausjandam aiwaggฤ“ljลn fraujins unsaris iฤ“suis xristaus,
      And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, / In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: (KJV).

Usage notes

This word translates แผ€ฯƒฯ„ฯฮฑฯ€ฮฎ (astrapแธ—, โ€œlightningโ€) in two of its appearances. In one case, the phrase ฯ†ฮปฮฟฮณแฝถ ฯ€ฯ…ฯฯŒฯ‚ (phlogรฌ purรณs, literally โ€œblaze of fireโ€) referring to a fire from heaven) is rendered as ๐†๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน๐Œฝ๐ƒ ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œน (funins lauhmunjai) (confer Finazzi & Tornaghi (2016:40)), suggesting that the word can also be used as glossing of ฯ†ฮปฯŒฮพ (phlรณx, โ€œblazeโ€), at least in the attested context.

Declension

Feminine ล-stem
Singular Plural
Nominative ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน
lauhmuni
๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐ƒ
lauhmunjลs
Vocative ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œน
lauhmuni
๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐ƒ
lauhmunjลs
Accusative ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐Œฐ
lauhmunja
๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐ƒ
lauhmunjลs
Genitive ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐ƒ
lauhmunjลs
๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰
lauhmunjล
Dative ๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐Œฐ๐Œน
lauhmunjai
๐Œป๐Œฐ๐Œฟ๐Œท๐Œผ๐Œฟ๐Œฝ๐Œพ๐‰๐Œผ
lauhmunjลm

Coordinate terms

References

  1. ^ Luke chapter 10 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  2. ^ Luke chapter 17 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
  3. ^ Thessalonians II chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.

Further reading

  • Finazzi, Rosa Bianca (1996). "Considerazioni sul lessico gotico"" in Interlinguistica: Mondo classico e civiltร  parallele. Milano: ISU-Universitร  Cattolica, pp. 10โ€“28.
  • Finazzi, Rosa Bianca & Paola Tornaghi (2016). "Gothica Bononiensia : de la dรฉcouverte ร  nos jours" in: Auer, Anite & Michiel de Vaan. Le palimpseste gotique de Bologne ร‰tudes philologiques et linguistiques / The Gothic Palimpsest from Bologna Philological and Linguistic Studies (Cahiers de lโ€™ILSL, no 50), pp. 29โ€“54.
  • Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) โ€œL20. *lauhmuniโ€, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feistโ€™s dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 228
  • Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโ€™s Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p. 80