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Gothic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *lewk- + -๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐น (-muni), a variant of -๐ฟ๐ฑ๐ฝ๐น (-ubni). The latter form suffixed to the same root in the o-grade may have yielded Middle English lฤvene (whence English levin), for which reason Lehmann (1986) assumes an o-grade in the Gothic word as well. Close in formation to Old English lฤoma (โradiance, lustreโ) and Latin lลซmen (โlightโ).
Pronunciation
Noun
๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐น โข (lauhmuni) f
- lightning (flash of light)
4th Century,
Wulfila (tr.),
Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (
Codex Argenteus) 10.18:
[1]- ๐ต๐ฐ๐ธ ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ฝ ๐ณ๐ฟ ๐น๐ผ: ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ ๐๐ฐ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ ๐๐
๐ด ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐พ๐ฐ ๐ณ๐๐น๐ฟ๐๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฝ ๐ฟ๐ ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ.
- qaรพ รพan du im: gasaฦ satanan swฤ lauhmunja driusandan us himina.
- And he said unto them, I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven. (KJV).
4th Century,
Wulfila (tr.),
Gothic Bible: Gospel of Luke (
Codex Argenteus) 17.24:
[2]- ๐๐
๐ฐ๐๐
๐ด ๐๐ฐ๐น๐ท๐๐น๐ ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ผ๐๐ฝ๐น ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ฐ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ด๐น ๐ฟ๐ ๐ธ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ ๐ฟ๐ ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ธ๐ฐ๐๐ฐ ๐ฟ๐ ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ ๐๐บ๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐น๐ธ, ๐๐
๐ฐ ๐
๐ฐ๐น๐๐ธ๐น๐ธ ๐๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฟ๐ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฐ ๐๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ผ๐ผ๐ฐ.
- swaswฤ raihtis lauhmลni lauhatjandei us รพamma uf himina in รพata uf himina skeiniรพ, swa wairรพiรพ sunus mans in daga seinamma.
- For as the lightning, that lighteneth out of the one part under heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall also the Son of man be in his day. (KJV).
- (by extension) any blaze of fire from heaven
4th Century,
Wulfila (tr.),
Gothic Bible: Second Epistle to the Thessalonians (
Codex Argenteus A) 1.7โ8:
[3]- ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐น๐ถ๐
๐น๐ ๐ฒ๐ฐ๐ธ๐ฟ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐น๐ฟ๐๐น๐ป๐ฐ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ ๐น๐ฝ ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ท๐ฟ๐ป๐ด๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐น ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐พ๐น๐ฝ๐ ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ฐ๐๐น๐ ๐น๐ด๐๐ฟ๐น๐ ๐ฐ๐ ๐ท๐น๐ผ๐น๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ผ๐น๐ธ ๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐น๐ป๐ฟ๐ผ ๐ผ๐ฐ๐ท๐๐ฐ๐น๐ ๐น๐, / ๐น๐ฝ ๐๐ฟ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ๐ ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐พ๐ฐ๐น ๐ฒ๐น๐ฑ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐นโน๐ฝโบ๐ ๐๐๐ฐ๐
๐ด๐น๐ ๐ฝ๐น ๐บ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐ฝ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ธ ๐พ๐ฐ๐ท ๐ฝ๐น ๐ฟ๐๐ท๐ฐ๐ฟ๐๐พ๐ฐ๐ฝ๐ณ๐ฐ๐ผ ๐ฐ๐น๐
๐ฐ๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ด๐ป๐พ๐๐ฝ ๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐พ๐น๐ฝ๐ ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐๐ฐ๐๐น๐ ๐น๐ด๐๐ฟ๐น๐ ๐๐๐น๐๐๐ฐ๐ฟ๐,
- jah izwis gaรพulandam iusila miรพ uns in andhuleinai fraujins unsaris iฤsuis af himinam miรพ aggilum mahtais is, / in funins lauhmunjai gibandiโนnโบs fraweit ni kunnandam guรพ jah ni ufhausjandam aiwaggฤljลn fraujins unsaris iฤsuis xristaus,
- And to you who are troubled rest with us, when the Lord Jesus shall be revealed from heaven with his mighty angels, / In flaming fire taking vengeance on them that know not God, and that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ: (KJV).
Usage notes
This word translates แผฯฯฯฮฑฯฮฎ (astrapแธ, โlightningโ) in two of its appearances. In one case, the phrase ฯฮปฮฟฮณแฝถ ฯฯ
ฯฯฯ (phlogรฌ purรณs, literally โblaze of fireโ) referring to a fire from heaven) is rendered as ๐๐ฟ๐ฝ๐น๐ฝ๐ ๐ป๐ฐ๐ฟ๐ท๐ผ๐ฟ๐ฝ๐พ๐ฐ๐น (funins lauhmunjai) (confer Finazzi & Tornaghi (2016:40)), suggesting that the word can also be used as glossing of ฯฮปฯฮพ (phlรณx, โblazeโ), at least in the attested context.
Declension
Coordinate terms
References
- ^ Luke chapter 10 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
- ^ Luke chapter 17 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
- ^ Thessalonians II chapter 1 Provided by Project Wulfila 2004, University of Antwerp, Belgium. Last modified on 2005-03-30 by TDH.
Further reading
- Finazzi, Rosa Bianca (1996). "Considerazioni sul lessico gotico"" in Interlinguistica: Mondo classico e civiltร parallele. Milano: ISU-Universitร Cattolica, pp. 10โ28.
- Finazzi, Rosa Bianca & Paola Tornaghi (2016). "Gothica Bononiensia : de la dรฉcouverte ร nos jours" in: Auer, Anite & Michiel de Vaan. Le palimpseste gotique de Bologne รtudes philologiques et linguistiques / The Gothic Palimpsest from Bologna Philological and Linguistic Studies (Cahiers de lโILSL, no 50), pp. 29โ54.
- Lehmann, Winfred P. (1986) โL20. *lauhmuniโ, in A Gothic Etymological Dictionary, based on the 3rd ed. of Feistโs dictionary, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 228
- Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wรถrterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winterโs Universitรคtsbuchhandlung, p. 80