-는데

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Korean

Alternative forms

  • -은데 (-eunde) — see Usage notes
  • -ㄴ데 (-nde) — see Usage notes

Etymology

Possibly grammaticalized from 는 (neun, “that, which is”, present-tense adnominal suffix) +‎ 데 (de, “place”, dependent noun).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?neunde
Revised Romanization (translit.)?neunde
McCune–Reischauer?nŭnde
Yale Romanization?nuntey

Suffix

-는데 • (-neunde)

  1. since; used to convey current relevant circumstances before an explanation, suggestion, question, etc.
    밖이 시끄러운데 무슨 일 있나?
    Bakk-i sikkeureounde museun il inna?
    It's noisy outside; is something going on?
    날이 좋던데 어디 놀러 안 갈래?
    Nar-i joteonde eodi nolleo an gallae?
    I saw that it was nice outside, why don't we go have fun?
    야, 밖에 눈 오는데 눈싸움하자!
    ya, bakk-e nun o-neunde nunssaum-haja!
    Hey, it's snowing outside! Let's have a snowball fight!
  2. In the "intimate" speech level used between friends, by superiors to inferiors, etc., a verb-final suffix:
    1. An exclamatory suffix conveying surprise or hesitation.
      여, 제법인데?
      Yeo, jebeob-i-nde?
      Oh, nice performance; better than I expected!
      그렇지만 나이도 있으신데...
      Geureochiman nai-do isseu-si-nde...
      But he's quite old...
      이러다 금메달도 따겠는데?
      ireoda geummedal-do tta-gen-neunde?
      At this rate, you're going to get the gold medal!
    2. An interrogative suffix urging the listener to respond, used with an interrogative.
      뭐를 먹었는데?
      mwo-reul meog-eon-neunde?
      So what did you eat?

Usage notes

  • 는데 (-neunde) causes stem-final ㄹ (l) to drop out.
  • 는데 (-neunde) is used for all verbs, for the existential adjectives 있다 (itda), 없다 (eopda), and 계시다 (gyesida), and for adjectives with tense marking with -었- (-eot-) and -겠- (-get-).
  • The grammatical principle of 는데 (-neunde) can be applied to adjectives. However, instead of attaching 는데 (-neunde), you must attach -ㄴ데 (-nde)/-은데 (-eunde), where -은데 (-eunde) comes after an adjective that ends in a consonant, and -ㄴ데 (-nde) attaches directly to an adjective that ends in a vowel (or with the consonant ㄹ (l)). This applies to the copula -이다 (-ida) as well. Note that 싶다 (sipda, “to want”) is an adjective.
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