-는데

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Korean

Alternative forms

  • 은데 (-eunde) — see Usage notes

Etymology

Possibly grammaticalized from 는 (neun, “that, which is”, present-tense adnominal suffix) +‎ 데 (de, “place”, dependent noun).

Pronunciation

Romanizations
Revised Romanization?neunde
Revised Romanization (translit.)?neunde
McCune–Reischauer?nŭnde
Yale Romanization?nuntey

Suffix

는데 • (-neunde)

  1. since; used to convey current relevant circumstances before an explanation, suggestion, question, etc.
    밖이 시끄러운데 무슨 일 있나?
    Bakk-i sikkeureounde museun il inna?
    It's noisy outside; is something going on?
    날이 좋던데 어디 놀러 안 갈래?
    Nar-i joteonde eodi nolleo an gallae?
    I saw that it was nice outside, why don't we go have fun?
    야, 밖에 눈 오는데 눈싸움하자!
    ya, bakk-e nun o-neunde nunssaum-haja!
    Hey, it's snowing outside! Let's have a snowball fight!
  2. In the "intimate" speech level used between friends, by superiors to inferiors, etc., a verb-final suffix:
    1. An exclamatory suffix conveying surprise or hesitation.
      여, 제법인데?
      Yeo, jebeob-i-nde?
      Oh, nice performance; better than I expected!
      그렇지만 나이도 있으신데...
      Geureochiman nai-do isseu-si-nde...
      But he's quite old...
      이러다 금메달도 따겠는데?
      ireoda geummedal-do tta-gen-neunde?
      At this rate, you're going to get the gold medal!
    2. An interrogative suffix urging the listener to respond, used with an interrogative.
      뭐를 먹었는데?
      mwo-reul meog-eon-neunde?
      So what did you eat?

Usage notes

  • 는데 (-neunde) causes stem-final ㄹ (l) to drop out.
  • 는데 (-neunde) is used for all verbs, for the existential adjectives 있다 (itda), 없다 (eopda), and 계시다 (gyesida), and for adjectives with tense marking with 었 (-eot-) and 겠 (-get-).
  • 은데 (-eunde) is used for adjectives without tense marking, and after the retrospective suffix 더 (-deo-).
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