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-습니까. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-습니까, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-습니까 in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Korean
Etymology
Formed by a merger of the Middle Korean verbal suffixes -ᄉᆞᆸ〯- (Yale: -sǒp-, object honorific) + -ᄂᆞ〮- (Yale: -nó-, present tense marker) + -ᅌᅵᆺ- (Yale: -ngìs-, addressee honorific for questions) + -가〮 (Yale: -ká, interrogative mood marker).
The allomorph -ㅂ니까 (-mnikka) after sonorants represents the fact that the Middle Korean object honorific -ᄉᆞᆸ〯- (Yale: -sǒp-) had the allomorph -ᅀᆞᆸ〯- (-zǒp-) after sonorants, which became simply -ㅂ- (-b-) after Middle Korean /z/ was (almost) unconditionally deleted in the sixteenth century.
The modern form only emerged in the nineteenth century, in the form -습나이까 (-seumnaikka) (then written -ᄉᆞᆸᄂᆞ잇가 (-seumnaikka)).
Pronunciation
| Romanizations |
|---|
| Revised Romanization? | seumnikka |
|---|
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | seubni'kka |
|---|
| McCune–Reischauer? | ssŭmnikka |
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| Yale Romanization? | qsupni.kka |
|---|
Suffix
-습니까 • (-seumnikka)
- Interrogative suffix for sentence-final verbs in the 하십시오체 (hasipsioche, “formal polite”) speech level.
- 서울은 오늘 춥습니까? ― seour-eun oneul chupseumnikka? ― Is Seoul cold today?
- 게이브리얼 씨, 이번 주 노래는 어땠습니까? ― geibeurieol ssi, ibeon ju norae-neun eottaetseumnikka? ― Mr. Gabriel, how do you think about this week's song?
Derived terms
- (ethnic slur) -스무니까 (-seumunikka)
References
- ^ 장윤희 (2012) “국어 종결어미의 통시적 변화와 쟁점 ”, in Gugeosa yeon'gu, volume 14, pages 63—99