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-tojo. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
-tojo, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
-tojo in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
-tojo you have here. The definition of the word
-tojo will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
-tojo, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
Ye'kwana
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Suffix
-tojo
- Forms instrumental nouns from transitive and intransitive verbs, referring to a thing, place, or person that helps with carrying out the action of the verb.
Usage notes
This suffix causes syllable reduction and can trigger changes of ö in the stem to o via the usual vowel harmony. It takes the form -chojo after stems that end in i and -to' when followed by the plural suffix -komo or the attributivizer -me.
Verbs converted with this suffix can take series II person markers referring to the argument of an intransitive verb or the patient argument of a transitive verb. Intransitive verbs must also bear the intransitive prefix w-. However, person marking is optional for them; this is the only type of deverbal nominalization where person marking is optional.
One of the two attributivizers -je and -me can follow this suffix in order to make the word function as a predicate in a subordinate clause of purpose with the meaning ‘in order to X’, ‘for X-ing’. The difference in meaning when used with one attributivizer versus the other is unclear.
Derived terms
References
- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “-tojo”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, pages 144–146