-je

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Dutch

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

  • (file)

Suffix

-je n (plural -jes)

  1. Alternative form of -tje.

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Suffix

-je

  1. Possessive (and genitive) suffix:
    1. (with no possessor or with the 3rd‑person pronoun as possessor, usually construed with the definite article) hisherits …
      ház(a) háza, az ő háza (his/her/its house)élet(az) élete, az ő élete (his/her/its life)barát(a) barátja (his/her/its friend)kapu(a) kapuja (his/her/its gate)palota(a) palotája (his/her/its palace)kert(a) kertje (his/her/its garden)betű(a) betűje (his/her/its letter)vese(a) veséje (his/her/its kidney)
    2. (with a singular possessor)-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)
      Anna háza (Anna’s house), a felkelő nap háza (the house of the rising sun)Anna élete (Anna’s life), a város élete (the life of the city)a király palotája (the king’s palace)a ház kapuja (the gate of the house)Anna kertje (Anna’s garden), a tulipán kertje (the garden of the tulip)
    3. (with a plural possessor)-s’, of-s (third-person plural, single possession)
      a szüleim háza (my parents’ house), a trópusi növények háza ( house of tropical plants, literally the tropical plants’ house)a szüleim élete (my parents’ lives, literally my parents’ life), a könyvek élete ( lives of books, literally the books’ life)az uralkodók palotája (the rulers’ palace)a szüleim kertje (my parents’ garden), Az elágazó ösvények kertje (The Garden of Forking Paths)
    4. (with instantaneous time expressions) … ago (referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)
      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el.S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long time ago.
      Synonym: -val/-vel ezelőtt, e.g. egy évszázaddal, két évvel ezelőtt
    5. (with durative time expressions) for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)
      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád.We have been waiting for you for a century / two years / an hour / a long time.
    6. (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of …, out of(partitive sense)
      Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül
      jó (jav-) (the greater/better part)a java még hátravan (the best/bulk is yet to come, literally its best/bulk is…)
      legnagyobbik (the biggest one)a bikák legnagyobbika (the biggest of the bulls, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)

Usage notes

  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
    -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final changes to -ő-.
    • This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children’s ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).

Declension

Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, front unrounded harmony)
singular plural
nominative -je
accusative -jét
dative -jének
instrumental -jével
causal-final -jéért
translative -jévé
terminative -jéig
essive-formal -jeként
essive-modal -jéül
inessive -jében
superessive -jén
adessive -jénél
illative -jébe
sublative -jére
allative -jéhez
elative -jéből
delative -jéről
ablative -jétől
non-attributive
possessive - singular
-jéé
non-attributive
possessive - plural
-jééi

Suffix

-je

  1. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person singular present tense of front-vowel verbs (in subjunctive mood).

Usage notes

  • (personal suffix) See harmonic variants and the assimilation of j in the table below.

See also

Kayapó

Etymology

From Proto-Northern Jê *de (ergative, stimulus).

Pronunciation

IPA(key):

Suffix

-je

  1. out of (stimulus)

Derived terms

Lower Sorbian

Suffix

-je

  1. -ly (used to turn an adjective into an adverb of manner)

Usage notes

The j of this suffix merges with certain preceding consonants to create palatalized consonants not followed by j:

  • d + jź
  • zd + jzdź
  • g + jz
  • k + jc
  • ch + jš
  • ł + jl
  • t + jś
  • st + j

Synonyms

Derived terms

Saterland Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn. Cognates include West Frisian -e and German -en.

Pronunciation

Suffix

-je (type 1 form -e)

  1. Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.

Conjugation

For verbs ending in -n, -l and -r:

For verbs ending in other consonants:

Derived terms

References

  • Horst Haider Munske, editor (2001), “Das Saterfriesische”, in Handbuch des Friesischen [Handbook of Frisian studies], Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 414

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

Suffix

-je (Cyrillic spelling -је)

  1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

See also

West Frisian

Etymology

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from various Proto-Indo-European suffixes.

Suffix

-je

  1. Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change.

Inflection

Weak class 2
infinitive -je
3rd singular past -e
past participle -e
infinitive -je
long infinitive -jen
gerund -jen n
auxiliary hawwe
indicative present tense past tense
1st singular -je -e
2nd singular -est -est
3rd singular -et -e
plural -je -en
imperative -je
participles -jend -e

Derived terms

Ye'kwana

Pronunciation

Suffix

-je

  1. Serves as an attributivizer to convert nouns into adverbs that can serve as attributes of other nouns or adverbial complements to a clause.
  2. Serves as an attributivizer to allow verbs nominalized with -tojo to function adverbially as a predicate in a subordinate clause of purpose with the meaning ‘in order to X’, ‘for X-ing’.
    Synonym: -me
  3. Serves as an attributivizer to allow borrowed verbs to function adverbially as a predicate when subordinated to ö'dü (for intransitive use) or üdü (for transitive use).

Usage notes

Unlike -me, with which it is sometimes interchangeable, this suffix does not usually cause syllable reduction, though it occasionally does when following the plural marker -komo. Phonologically it is a clitic rather than a suffix.

Derived terms

References

  • Cáceres, Natalia (2011), “⸗je”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana, Lyon, page 81–82, 136–137, 145–146, 254–255