-je

• -ie (informal)

• Audio:

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-je n (plural -jes)

1. Alternative form of -tje

• IPA^(key):
• Rhymes: -jɛ

-je

2. Possessive (and genitive) suffix:
   1. (with no possessor or with the 3rd‑person pronoun as possessor, usually construed with the definite article) his, her, its …

      ház → (a) háza, az ő háza (“his/her/its house”) élet → (az) élete, az ő élete (“his/her/its life”) barát → (a) barátja (“his/her/its friend”) kapu → (a) kapuja (“his/her/its gate”) palota → (a) palotája (“his/her/its palace”) kert → (a) kertje (“his/her/its garden”) betű → (a) betűje (“his/her/its letter”) vese → (a) veséje (“his/her/its kidney”)

   2. (with a singular possessor) …-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)

      Anna háza (“Anna’s house”), a felkelő nap háza (“the house of the rising sun”) Anna élete (“Anna’s life”), a város élete (“the life of the city”) a király palotája (“the king’s palace”) a ház kapuja (“the gate of the house”) Anna kertje (“Anna’s garden”), a tulipán kertje (“the garden of the tulip”)

   3. (with a plural possessor) …-s’, of …-s (third-person plural, single possession)

      a szüleim háza (“my parents’ house”), a trópusi növények háza (“ house of tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”) a szüleim élete (“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”), a könyvek élete (“ lives of books”, literally “the books’ life”) az uralkodók palotája (“the rulers’ palace”) a szüleim kertje (“my parents’ garden”), Az elágazó ösvények kertje (“The Garden of Forking Paths”)

   4. (with instantaneous time expressions) … ago (referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)

      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ― S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long time ago.

      Synonym: -val/-vel ezelőtt, e.g. egy évszázaddal, két évvel ezelőtt

   5. (with durative time expressions) for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)

      Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century / two years / an hour / a long time.

      Synonym: óta (less common in this sense; more commonly means “since”)

   6. (mostly with quantities, often following -ik) of …, out of … (partitive sense)

      Synonym: (only with countable quantities) közül

      jó (jav-) (“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan (“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)

      legnagyobbik (“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika (“the biggest of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)

• (possessive suffix) Variants:

  -a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.

  -je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.

  • This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children’s ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).

-je

2. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person singular present tense of front-vowel verbs (in subjunctive mood).

• (personal suffix) See harmonic variants and the assimilation of j in the table below.

• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian possessive suffixes

From Proto-Northern Jê *de (“ergative, stimulus”).

IPA^(key):

-je

1. out of (stimulus)

• kurêje
• pymaje, umaje
• kraxje

-je

1. -ly (used to turn an adjective into an adverb of manner)

The j of this suffix merges with certain preceding consonants to create palatalized consonants not followed by j:

• d + j → ź
• zd + j → zdź
• g + j → z
• k + j → c
• ch + j → š
• ł + j → l
• t + j → ś
• st + j → sć

• -o

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn. Cognates include West Frisian -e and German -en.

• IPA^(key): /-jə/

-je (type 1 form -e)

1. Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives.

For verbs ending in -n, -l and -r:

For verbs ending in other consonants:

• Horst Haider Munske, editor (2001), “Das Saterfriesische”, in Handbuch des Friesischen [Handbook of Frisian studies], Tübingen: Max Niemeyer Verlag, →ISBN, page 414

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьje.

-je (Cyrillic spelling -је)

1. Suffix appended to words to create a neuter noun, usually denoting a young animal, plant, place name or is used as a collective noun.

• -e

From Old Frisian -ia, from Proto-West Germanic *-ōn, from Proto-Germanic *-ōną, from various Proto-Indo-European suffixes.

-je

2. Forms verbs from nouns and adjectives. The stem of the word itself does not change.

• IPA^(key):

-je

1. serves as an attributivizer to convert nouns into adverbs that can serve as attributes of other nouns or adverbial complements to a clause
2. serves as an attributivizer to allow verbs nominalized with -tojo to function adverbially as a predicate in a subordinate clause of purpose with the meaning ‘in order to X’, ‘for X-ing’

   Synonym: -me

3. serves as an attributivizer to allow borrowed verbs to function adverbially as a predicate when subordinated to ö'dü (for intransitive use) or üdü (for transitive use)

Unlike -me, with which it is sometimes interchangeable, this suffix does not usually cause syllable reduction, though it occasionally does when following the plural marker -komo. Phonologically it is a clitic rather than a suffix.

• Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “⸗je”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana‎, Lyon, pages 81–82, 136–137, 145–146, 254–255, 441