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(with a singular possessor) …-'s, of … (third-person singular, single possession)
Anna háza(“Anna’s house”), a felkelő nap háza(“the house of the rising sun”)Anna élete(“Anna’s life”), a város élete(“the life of the city”)a király palotája(“the king’s palace”)a ház kapuja(“the gate of the house”)Anna kertje(“Anna’s garden”), a tulipán kertje(“the garden of the tulip”)
(with a plural possessor) …-s’, of …-s(third-person plural, single possession)
a szüleim háza(“my parents’ house”), a trópusi növények háza(“ house of tropical plants”, literally “the tropical plants’ house”)a szüleim élete(“my parents’ lives”, literally “my parents’ life”), a könyvek élete(“ lives of books”, literally “the books’ life”)az uralkodók palotája(“the rulers’ palace”)a szüleim kertje(“my parents’ garden”), Az elágazó ösvények kertje(“The Garden of Forking Paths”)
(with instantaneous time expressions) … ago(referring to a preceding point in time considered as an instant)
Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje ment el. ― S/he left one century / two years / one hour / a long time ago.
Synonym:-val/-velezelőtt, e.g. egy évszázaddal, két évvel ezelőtt
(with durative time expressions)for … (referring to some duration that precedes the point of time in question)
Egy évszázada / két éve / egy órája / sok/hosszú ideje várunk rád. ― We have been waiting for you for a century / two years / an hour / a long time.
jó (jav-)(“the greater/better part”) → a java még hátravan(“the best/bulk is yet to come”, literally “its best/bulk is…”)
legnagyobbik(“the biggest one”) → a bikák legnagyobbika(“the biggest of the bulls”, synonymous with a legnagyobb bika)
Usage notes
(possessive suffix) Variants:
-a is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant
-e is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant
-ja is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-; final -o changes to -ó-.
-je is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant or a vowel. Final -e changes to -é-; final -ö changes to -ő-.
This suffix (in all forms) is normally used for the third-person singular possessive (single possession) but, after an explicit plural possessor, it also expresses the third-person plural possessive (single possession), e.g. “the children’s ball” (a gyerekek labdája). If the possessor is implicit (not named, only marked by a suffix), the plural possessive suffix must be used, e.g. “their ball” (a labdájuk, see -juk and its variants).
Declension
Inflection (stem in long/high vowel, back harmony)
(personal suffix)Forms the definitethird-person singular present tense of back-vowel verbs (with identical or different assimilation rules depending on the ending of the stem—see the tables below):
The -j assimilates to the verb ending: keres → keress metsz → metssz hoz → hozz edz → eddz (No change in the short -d form of 2nd-person singular definite:keresd, metszd, hozd, edzd.)
st szt
The -t is removed, the -j assimilates to the -s, -sz: fest → fess fáraszt → fárassz Short -d forms: fesd, fáraszd.
long vowel + t or consonant + t
The -j becomes -s: segít → segíts bont → bonts Exceptions: bocsát → bocsáss, lát → láss Short -d forms: segítsd, bontsd; lásd, bocsásd.
short vowel + t
Both the stem-final -t and the -j become -s: mutat → mutass, szeret → szeress Short -d forms: mutasd, szeresd.
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive.
Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017) A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia., Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 134