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, but we will also tell you about its etymology, its characteristics and you will know how to say
in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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will help you to be more precise and correct when speaking or writing your texts. Knowing the definition of
, as well as those of other words, enriches your vocabulary and provides you with more and better linguistic resources.
English
Etymology 1
Clipping of -ine .
Suffix
-in
( biochemistry ) Used, as a modification of -ine , to form the names of a variety of types of compound; examples include proteins (globulin ), carbohydrates (dextrin ), dyes (alizarin ) and others (vanillin ).
a neutral chemical compound
albumin , casein , chitin , pepsin , saponin
an enzyme
renin , pancreatin
an antibiotic
penicillin , streptomycin
a pharmaceutical product
cobalamin , niacin , vitamin
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From the particle in , modelled after sit-in . Compare -off .
Suffix
-in
Attached to a word (usually a verb ) to denote a protest , demonstration or other type of gathering characterized by the activity denoted by the base word.
Derived terms
Further reading
Harder, K. B. (1968), “Coinages of the Type of “Sit-In.””, in American Speech , volume 43, issue 1, →DOI , pages 58–64
Etymology 3
Clipping of -ing .
Alternative forms
Suffix
-in
( proscribed , dialect ) Alternative form of -ing .
Etymology 4
Suffix
-in
Alternative form of -en
elf + -in → elfin
Anagrams
Azerbaijani
Etymology 1
Suffix
preceding vowel
A / I
E / Ə / İ
O / U
Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
-ın
-in
-un
-ün
postvocalic
-n
-in
Reflexive suffix.
örtmək ( “ to cover ” ) + -ün → örtünmək ( “ to cover oneself ” )
gizləmək ( “ to hide ” ) + -n → gizlənmək ( “ to hide oneself ” )
Suffix creating other types of verbs from other verbs.
Usage notes
Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il , -in , or -iş :
demək ( “ to say ” ) + -in → deyinmək ( “ to say to oneself, to mutter ” )
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Suffix
preceding vowel
A / I
E / Ə / İ
O / U
Ö / Ü
postconsonantal
-ın
-in
-un
-ün
postvocalic
-n
-in
Suffix creating nouns from verbs.
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 3
Suffix
preceding vowel
A / I
E / Ə / İ
O / U
Ö / Ü
postconsonantal except after L
-ıl
-il
-ul
-ül
after L
-ın
-in
-un
-ün
postvocalic
-n
-in
Form of -il ( “ [passive suffix] ” ) after the vowels E / Ə / İ with the consonant L.
Derived terms
See -il .
Chuukese
Suffix
-in
of
Synonym: -en
Czech
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ .
Suffix
-in (adjective-forming suffix )
suffix deriving possessive adjectives from nouns of feminine gender, usually from proper and common personal nouns, sometimes also from nouns referring to animals
matčin bratr ― mother's brother
Declension
Declension of -in (possessive)
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Latin -īnus , from Ancient Greek -ινος ( -inos ) .
Suffix
-in m inan (noun-forming suffix )
( chemistry ) -ine ( suffix used to form names of chemical substances )
adenin ― adenine
olomoucin ― olomoucine
Declension
Declension of -in (hard masculine inanimate )
Dutch
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Dutch -inne , from Old Dutch *-inna , from Proto-Germanic *-inī .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in f (plural -innen , diminutive -innetje )
Forms nouns for the female counterpart of something.
Synonyms: -e , -egge , -es , -ster
Derived terms
Descendants
Finnish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-in ( instrumental suffix ) , probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma .
Suffix
-in
Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
avata ( “ to open ” ) + -in → avain ( “ key ” )
keittää ( “ to cook, boil ” ) + -in → keitin ( “ appliance for cooking/boiling ” )
puhella ( “ to chat, chatter ” ) + -in → puhelin ( “ telephone ” )
elää ( “ to live ” ) + -in → eläin ( “ animal ” )
Forms some diminutive nouns.
Declension
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin , no gradation)
nominative
-in
-imet
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-inta
-imia
illative
-imeen
-imiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-imet
accusative
nom.
-in
-imet
gen.
-imen
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-inta
-imia
inessive
-imessa
-imissa
elative
-imesta
-imista
illative
-imeen
-imiin
adessive
-imella
-imilla
ablative
-imelta
-imilta
allative
-imelle
-imille
essive
-imena
-imina
translative
-imeksi
-imiksi
abessive
-imetta
-imitta
instructive
—
-imin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intani
-imiani
inessive
-imessani
-imissani
elative
-imestani
-imistani
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imellani
-imillani
ablative
-imeltani
-imiltani
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenani
-iminani
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettani
-imittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intasi
-imiasi
inessive
-imessasi
-imissasi
elative
-imestasi
-imistasi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imellasi
-imillasi
ablative
-imeltasi
-imiltasi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenasi
-iminasi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettasi
-imittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intamme
-imiamme
inessive
-imessamme
-imissamme
elative
-imestamme
-imistamme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellamme
-imillamme
ablative
-imeltamme
-imiltamme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenamme
-iminamme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettamme
-imittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intanne
-imianne
inessive
-imessanne
-imissanne
elative
-imestanne
-imistanne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellanne
-imillanne
ablative
-imeltanne
-imiltanne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenanne
-iminanne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettanne
-imittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensa
-imensa
accusative
nom.
-imensa
-imensa
gen.
-imensa
genitive
-imensa
-imiensa -intensa
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-imiaan -imiansa
inessive
-imessaan -imessansa
-imissaan -imissansa
elative
-imestaan -imestansa
-imistaan -imistansa
illative
-imeensa
-imiinsa
adessive
-imellaan -imellansa
-imillaan -imillansa
ablative
-imeltaan -imeltansa
-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative
-imelleen -imellensa
-imilleen -imillensa
essive
-imenaan -imenansa
-iminaan -iminansa
translative
-imekseen -imeksensa
-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive
-imettaan -imettansa
-imittaan -imittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineen -iminensa
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin , no gradation)
nominative
-in
-imet
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-intä
-imiä
illative
-imeen
-imiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-imet
accusative
nom.
-in
-imet
gen.
-imen
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-intä
-imiä
inessive
-imessä
-imissä
elative
-imestä
-imistä
illative
-imeen
-imiin
adessive
-imellä
-imillä
ablative
-imeltä
-imiltä
allative
-imelle
-imille
essive
-imenä
-iminä
translative
-imeksi
-imiksi
abessive
-imettä
-imittä
instructive
—
-imin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intäni
-imiäni
inessive
-imessäni
-imissäni
elative
-imestäni
-imistäni
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imelläni
-imilläni
ablative
-imeltäni
-imiltäni
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenäni
-iminäni
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettäni
-imittäni
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intäsi
-imiäsi
inessive
-imessäsi
-imissäsi
elative
-imestäsi
-imistäsi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imelläsi
-imilläsi
ablative
-imeltäsi
-imiltäsi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenäsi
-iminäsi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettäsi
-imittäsi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intämme
-imiämme
inessive
-imessämme
-imissämme
elative
-imestämme
-imistämme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellämme
-imillämme
ablative
-imeltämme
-imiltämme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenämme
-iminämme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettämme
-imittämme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intänne
-imiänne
inessive
-imessänne
-imissänne
elative
-imestänne
-imistänne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellänne
-imillänne
ablative
-imeltänne
-imiltänne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenänne
-iminänne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettänne
-imittänne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensä
-imensä
accusative
nom.
-imensä
-imensä
gen.
-imensä
genitive
-imensä
-imiensä -intensä
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-imiään -imiänsä
inessive
-imessään -imessänsä
-imissään -imissänsä
elative
-imestään -imestänsä
-imistään -imistänsä
illative
-imeensä
-imiinsä
adessive
-imellään -imellänsä
-imillään -imillänsä
ablative
-imeltään -imeltänsä
-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative
-imelleen -imellensä
-imilleen -imillensä
essive
-imenään -imenänsä
-iminään -iminänsä
translative
-imekseen -imeksensä
-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive
-imettään -imettänsä
-imittään -imittänsä
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineen -iminensä
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *-in ( superlative suffix ) (related to Karelian -in ), probably from Proto-Uralic *-ma . The oblique stem -impA, -immA is influenced by the oblique stem -mpA, -mmA of comparatives.
Suffix
-in
Forms superlative adjectives.
heikko ( “ weak ” ) + -in → heikoin ( “ weakest ” )
matala ( “ low, shallow ” ) + -in → matalin ( “ lowest, shallowest ” )
ruma ( “ ugly ” ) + -in → rumin ( “ ugliest ” )
suuri ( “ large, big ” ) + -in → suurin ( “ largest, biggest ” )
Declension
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin , mp -mm gradation)
nominative
-in
-immat
genitive
-imman
-impien -inten
partitive
-inta
-impia
illative
-impaan
-impiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-immat
accusative
nom.
-in
-immat
gen.
-imman
genitive
-imman
-impien -inten -impain rare
partitive
-inta
-impia
inessive
-immassa
-immissa
elative
-immasta
-immista
illative
-impaan
-impiin
adessive
-immalla
-immilla
ablative
-immalta
-immilta
allative
-immalle
-immille
essive
-impana
-impina
translative
-immaksi
-immiksi
abessive
-immatta
-immitta
instructive
—
-immin
comitative
—
-impine
Rare . Only used with substantive adjectives .
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impani
-impani
accusative
nom.
-impani
-impani
gen.
-impani
genitive
-impani
-impieni -inteni -impaini rare
partitive
-intani
-impiani
inessive
-immassani
-immissani
elative
-immastani
-immistani
illative
-impaani
-impiini
adessive
-immallani
-immillani
ablative
-immaltani
-immiltani
allative
-immalleni
-immilleni
essive
-impanani
-impinani
translative
-immakseni
-immikseni
abessive
-immattani
-immittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impasi
-impasi
accusative
nom.
-impasi
-impasi
gen.
-impasi
genitive
-impasi
-impiesi -intesi -impaisi rare
partitive
-intasi
-impiasi
inessive
-immassasi
-immissasi
elative
-immastasi
-immistasi
illative
-impaasi
-impiisi
adessive
-immallasi
-immillasi
ablative
-immaltasi
-immiltasi
allative
-immallesi
-immillesi
essive
-impanasi
-impinasi
translative
-immaksesi
-immiksesi
abessive
-immattasi
-immittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impamme
-impamme
accusative
nom.
-impamme
-impamme
gen.
-impamme
genitive
-impamme
-impiemme -intemme -impaimme rare
partitive
-intamme
-impiamme
inessive
-immassamme
-immissamme
elative
-immastamme
-immistamme
illative
-impaamme
-impiimme
adessive
-immallamme
-immillamme
ablative
-immaltamme
-immiltamme
allative
-immallemme
-immillemme
essive
-impanamme
-impinamme
translative
-immaksemme
-immiksemme
abessive
-immattamme
-immittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impanne
-impanne
accusative
nom.
-impanne
-impanne
gen.
-impanne
genitive
-impanne
-impienne -intenne -impainne rare
partitive
-intanne
-impianne
inessive
-immassanne
-immissanne
elative
-immastanne
-immistanne
illative
-impaanne
-impiinne
adessive
-immallanne
-immillanne
ablative
-immaltanne
-immiltanne
allative
-immallenne
-immillenne
essive
-impananne
-impinanne
translative
-immaksenne
-immiksenne
abessive
-immattanne
-immittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impansa
-impansa
accusative
nom.
-impansa
-impansa
gen.
-impansa
genitive
-impansa
-impiensa -intensa -impainsa rare
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-impiaan -impiansa
inessive
-immassaan -immassansa
-immissaan -immissansa
elative
-immastaan -immastansa
-immistaan -immistansa
illative
-impaansa
-impiinsa
adessive
-immallaan -immallansa
-immillaan -immillansa
ablative
-immaltaan -immaltansa
-immiltaan -immiltansa
allative
-immalleen -immallensa
-immilleen -immillensa
essive
-impanaan -impanansa
-impinaan -impinansa
translative
-immakseen -immaksensa
-immikseen -immiksensa
abessive
-immattaan -immattansa
-immittaan -immittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impineen -impinensa
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 36*H/sisin , mp -mm gradation)
nominative
-in
-immät
genitive
-immän
-impien -inten
partitive
-intä
-impiä
illative
-impään
-impiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-immät
accusative
nom.
-in
-immät
gen.
-immän
genitive
-immän
-impien -inten -impäin rare
partitive
-intä
-impiä
inessive
-immässä
-immissä
elative
-immästä
-immistä
illative
-impään
-impiin
adessive
-immällä
-immillä
ablative
-immältä
-immiltä
allative
-immälle
-immille
essive
-impänä
-impinä
translative
-immäksi
-immiksi
abessive
-immättä
-immittä
instructive
—
-immin
comitative
—
-impine
Rare . Only used with substantive adjectives .
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impäni
-impäni
accusative
nom.
-impäni
-impäni
gen.
-impäni
genitive
-impäni
-impieni -inteni -impäini rare
partitive
-intäni
-impiäni
inessive
-immässäni
-immissäni
elative
-immästäni
-immistäni
illative
-impääni
-impiini
adessive
-immälläni
-immilläni
ablative
-immältäni
-immiltäni
allative
-immälleni
-immilleni
essive
-impänäni
-impinäni
translative
-immäkseni
-immikseni
abessive
-immättäni
-immittäni
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impäsi
-impäsi
accusative
nom.
-impäsi
-impäsi
gen.
-impäsi
genitive
-impäsi
-impiesi -intesi -impäisi rare
partitive
-intäsi
-impiäsi
inessive
-immässäsi
-immissäsi
elative
-immästäsi
-immistäsi
illative
-impääsi
-impiisi
adessive
-immälläsi
-immilläsi
ablative
-immältäsi
-immiltäsi
allative
-immällesi
-immillesi
essive
-impänäsi
-impinäsi
translative
-immäksesi
-immiksesi
abessive
-immättäsi
-immittäsi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impämme
-impämme
accusative
nom.
-impämme
-impämme
gen.
-impämme
genitive
-impämme
-impiemme -intemme -impäimme rare
partitive
-intämme
-impiämme
inessive
-immässämme
-immissämme
elative
-immästämme
-immistämme
illative
-impäämme
-impiimme
adessive
-immällämme
-immillämme
ablative
-immältämme
-immiltämme
allative
-immällemme
-immillemme
essive
-impänämme
-impinämme
translative
-immäksemme
-immiksemme
abessive
-immättämme
-immittämme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impänne
-impänne
accusative
nom.
-impänne
-impänne
gen.
-impänne
genitive
-impänne
-impienne -intenne -impäinne rare
partitive
-intänne
-impiänne
inessive
-immässänne
-immissänne
elative
-immästänne
-immistänne
illative
-impäänne
-impiinne
adessive
-immällänne
-immillänne
ablative
-immältänne
-immiltänne
allative
-immällenne
-immillenne
essive
-impänänne
-impinänne
translative
-immäksenne
-immiksenne
abessive
-immättänne
-immittänne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impinenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-impänsä
-impänsä
accusative
nom.
-impänsä
-impänsä
gen.
-impänsä
genitive
-impänsä
-impiensä -intensä -impäinsä rare
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-impiään -impiänsä
inessive
-immässään -immässänsä
-immissään -immissänsä
elative
-immästään -immästänsä
-immistään -immistänsä
illative
-impäänsä
-impiinsä
adessive
-immällään -immällänsä
-immillään -immillänsä
ablative
-immältään -immältänsä
-immiltään -immiltänsä
allative
-immälleen -immällensä
-immilleen -immillensä
essive
-impänään -impänänsä
-impinään -impinänsä
translative
-immäkseen -immäksensä
-immikseen -immiksensä
abessive
-immättään -immättänsä
-immittään -immittänsä
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-impineen -impinensä
Derived terms
See also
Etymology 3
See -n .
Suffix
-in
Instructive plural suffix.
kaksin käsin ― with two hands
paljain silmin ― with bare eyes
pitkin askelin ― with long steps
hyvissä ajoin ― in good time
Derived terms
Etymology 4
Probably by metathesis .
Suffix
-in ( poetic )
A variant for the first-person singular possessive suffix -ni .
rakkaani = rakkain
syödäkseni = syödäksein
Usage notes
The use of this suffix is restricted to cases where it is not preceded by a labial vowel (o , u , y , ö ), the vowel i , a long vowel (it is shortened if necessary) or a diphthong (since it itself forms a diphthong). It is not used if the resulting word would be monosyllabic.
Etymology 5
From Proto-Finnic *-in ( adjectival suffix ) , a variant of the diminutive suffix Proto-Finnic *-ma .
Suffix
-in
( non-productive ) Forms some adjectives.
Declension
Back vowel harmony declension (includes vowels a, o, u)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin , no gradation)
nominative
-in
-imet
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-inta
-imia
illative
-imeen
-imiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-imet
accusative
nom.
-in
-imet
gen.
-imen
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-inta
-imia
inessive
-imessa
-imissa
elative
-imesta
-imista
illative
-imeen
-imiin
adessive
-imella
-imilla
ablative
-imelta
-imilta
allative
-imelle
-imille
essive
-imena
-imina
translative
-imeksi
-imiksi
abessive
-imetta
-imitta
instructive
—
-imin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intani
-imiani
inessive
-imessani
-imissani
elative
-imestani
-imistani
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imellani
-imillani
ablative
-imeltani
-imiltani
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenani
-iminani
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettani
-imittani
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intasi
-imiasi
inessive
-imessasi
-imissasi
elative
-imestasi
-imistasi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imellasi
-imillasi
ablative
-imeltasi
-imiltasi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenasi
-iminasi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettasi
-imittasi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intamme
-imiamme
inessive
-imessamme
-imissamme
elative
-imestamme
-imistamme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellamme
-imillamme
ablative
-imeltamme
-imiltamme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenamme
-iminamme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettamme
-imittamme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intanne
-imianne
inessive
-imessanne
-imissanne
elative
-imestanne
-imistanne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellanne
-imillanne
ablative
-imeltanne
-imiltanne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenanne
-iminanne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettanne
-imittanne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensa
-imensa
accusative
nom.
-imensa
-imensa
gen.
-imensa
genitive
-imensa
-imiensa -intensa
partitive
-intaan -intansa
-imiaan -imiansa
inessive
-imessaan -imessansa
-imissaan -imissansa
elative
-imestaan -imestansa
-imistaan -imistansa
illative
-imeensa
-imiinsa
adessive
-imellaan -imellansa
-imillaan -imillansa
ablative
-imeltaan -imeltansa
-imiltaan -imiltansa
allative
-imelleen -imellensa
-imilleen -imillensa
essive
-imenaan -imenansa
-iminaan -iminansa
translative
-imekseen -imeksensa
-imikseen -imiksensa
abessive
-imettaan -imettansa
-imittaan -imittansa
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineen -iminensa
Front vowel harmony declension (includes vowels ä, ö, y)
Inflection of -in (Kotus type 33/kytkin , no gradation)
nominative
-in
-imet
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-intä
-imiä
illative
-imeen
-imiin
singular
plural
nominative
-in
-imet
accusative
nom.
-in
-imet
gen.
-imen
genitive
-imen
-imien -inten
partitive
-intä
-imiä
inessive
-imessä
-imissä
elative
-imestä
-imistä
illative
-imeen
-imiin
adessive
-imellä
-imillä
ablative
-imeltä
-imiltä
allative
-imelle
-imille
essive
-imenä
-iminä
translative
-imeksi
-imiksi
abessive
-imettä
-imittä
instructive
—
-imin
comitative
See the possessive forms below.
first-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imeni
-imeni
accusative
nom.
-imeni
-imeni
gen.
-imeni
genitive
-imeni
-imieni -inteni
partitive
-intäni
-imiäni
inessive
-imessäni
-imissäni
elative
-imestäni
-imistäni
illative
-imeeni
-imiini
adessive
-imelläni
-imilläni
ablative
-imeltäni
-imiltäni
allative
-imelleni
-imilleni
essive
-imenäni
-iminäni
translative
-imekseni
-imikseni
abessive
-imettäni
-imittäni
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineni
second-person singular possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imesi
-imesi
accusative
nom.
-imesi
-imesi
gen.
-imesi
genitive
-imesi
-imiesi -intesi
partitive
-intäsi
-imiäsi
inessive
-imessäsi
-imissäsi
elative
-imestäsi
-imistäsi
illative
-imeesi
-imiisi
adessive
-imelläsi
-imilläsi
ablative
-imeltäsi
-imiltäsi
allative
-imellesi
-imillesi
essive
-imenäsi
-iminäsi
translative
-imeksesi
-imiksesi
abessive
-imettäsi
-imittäsi
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminesi
first-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imemme
-imemme
accusative
nom.
-imemme
-imemme
gen.
-imemme
genitive
-imemme
-imiemme -intemme
partitive
-intämme
-imiämme
inessive
-imessämme
-imissämme
elative
-imestämme
-imistämme
illative
-imeemme
-imiimme
adessive
-imellämme
-imillämme
ablative
-imeltämme
-imiltämme
allative
-imellemme
-imillemme
essive
-imenämme
-iminämme
translative
-imeksemme
-imiksemme
abessive
-imettämme
-imittämme
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminemme
second-person plural possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imenne
-imenne
accusative
nom.
-imenne
-imenne
gen.
-imenne
genitive
-imenne
-imienne -intenne
partitive
-intänne
-imiänne
inessive
-imessänne
-imissänne
elative
-imestänne
-imistänne
illative
-imeenne
-imiinne
adessive
-imellänne
-imillänne
ablative
-imeltänne
-imiltänne
allative
-imellenne
-imillenne
essive
-imenänne
-iminänne
translative
-imeksenne
-imiksenne
abessive
-imettänne
-imittänne
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-iminenne
third-person possessor
singular
plural
nominative
-imensä
-imensä
accusative
nom.
-imensä
-imensä
gen.
-imensä
genitive
-imensä
-imiensä -intensä
partitive
-intään -intänsä
-imiään -imiänsä
inessive
-imessään -imessänsä
-imissään -imissänsä
elative
-imestään -imestänsä
-imistään -imistänsä
illative
-imeensä
-imiinsä
adessive
-imellään -imellänsä
-imillään -imillänsä
ablative
-imeltään -imeltänsä
-imiltään -imiltänsä
allative
-imelleen -imellensä
-imilleen -imillensä
essive
-imenään -imenänsä
-iminään -iminänsä
translative
-imekseen -imeksensä
-imikseen -imiksensä
abessive
-imettään -imettänsä
-imittään -imittänsä
instructive
—
—
comitative
—
-imineen -iminensä
Derived terms
Etymology 6
From Proto-Finnic *-den ( genitive plural suffix for some nouns ) , from the nominative plural ending *-t + genitive ending *-n (with an epenthetic *-e- ).
Suffix
-in ( rare )
Forms the genitive plural.
Usage notes
Suffixed to the nominative singular but the final -i changes to -e- .
Note, however, that the more common suffix for the genitive plural is -en added to the plural stem ending with i or j. A link consonant d is also sometimes present.
Nowadays this suffix is rare and usually gives an archaic tone. Certain proper nouns, however, retain this, e.g. Yhdysvaltain , from Yhdysvallat ("United States", singular stem Yhdysvalta- ), where also the more modern form Yhdysvaltojen is possible.
See also
Etymology 7
See -Vn ( illative suffix ) .
Suffix
-in
Suffix variant for the illative singular, see -Vn .
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Inherited from Latin -īnus , from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in (feminine -ine , masculine plural -ins , feminine plural -ines )
forms adjectives indicating a quality ; -ish , -ic
enfant ( “ child ” ) + -in → enfantin ( “ childish ” )
Suffix
-in m (plural -ins , feminine -ine )
forms nouns with a diminutive or pejorative quality
plaisant ( “ pleasant ” ) + -in → plaisantin ( “ joker, wiseass ” )
ours ( “ bear ” ) + -in → oursin ( “ urchin ” )
crotte ( “ animal dropping ” ) + -in → crottin ( “ manure ” )
Derived terms
Fula
Affix
-in
( Pulaar ) makes verbs causative
jangude ( “ study, learn ” ) + -in → janginde ( “ teach ” )
famude ( “ to unserstand ” ) + -in → faminde ( “ to explain something to someone ” )
German
Etymology 1
From Middle High German -inne , -in , from Old High German -inna , -in , from Proto-West Germanic *-ini , from Proto-Germanic *-inī .
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /ɪn/ ,
For speakers who realise -en as , the distinction between both may at times be weak. However, most speakers have a syllabic nasal in -en and hence keep a very clear distinction.
Suffix
-in f (genitive -in , plural -innen )
creates the female form for many nouns for living beings; umlaut usually occurs in monosyllables, but rarely in polysyllables
Arbeitgeber ( “ employer ” ) + -in → Arbeitgeberin ( “ employer (female person or sexless company) ” )
Autor ( “ author ” ) + -in → Autorin ( “ author (female person, i.e. a female author or authoress , or sexless company, abstract thing) ” )
Gott ( “ god ” ) + -in → Göttin ( “ female god, goddess ” )
Hund ( “ dog ” ) + -in → Hündin ( “ female dog, she-dog, bitch ” )
Katze f ( “ cat ” ) + -in → Kätzin ( “ female cat, she-cat ” )
Sänger ( “ singer ” ) + -in → Sängerin ( “ female singer ” )
Pastor ( “ pastor ” ) + -in → Pastorin ( “ female pastor ” )
( dated ) names the wife of a person
Pastor ( “ pastor ” ) + -in → Pastorin ( “ wife of a pastor” )
( dated ) creates female personal names (for wives and daughters)
Schwarz ( proper noun ) → Schwarzin (a female person with the name Schwarz, that is the wife or daughter of someone named Schwarz )
1743 , Grosses vollständiges Universal Lexicon aller Wissenschaften und Künste, Welche bishero durch menschlichen Verstand und Witz erfunden und verbessert worden […] Fünf und Dreyßigster Band Schle-Schwa , Leipzig & Hallle, page 2007 :Schwartzin , (Sibylle) […] war eine Tochter Christian Schwartzens, […] gebohren 1621 […] und starb 1638 den 13 Jul. Schwartz (Sibylle ) was a daughter of Christian Schwartz, born in 1621 and died on 13th July 1638.
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Latin -īnus , from Ancient Greek -ινος ( -inos ) .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in n (genitive -ins , plural -ine )
( chemistry ) -yne ; -ine
Derived terms
Etymology 3
From Proto-Slavic *-inъ .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in n (genitive -ins )
A suffix found in place names of Slavic origin, especially in northeastern Germany
Derived terms
Ido
Suffix
-in
See -in- .
Indonesian
Etymology
Borrowed from Balinese -in via Betawi -in .
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /in/
Hyphenation: in
Suffix
-in
Informal form of -kan .
Informal form of -i .
Ingrian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *-inën . Cognates include Finnish -inen , -nen and Estonian -ne .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
Forms adjectives indicating the material of which something is made ; -en
puu ( “ wood ” ) + -in → puin ( “ wooden ” )
Forms diminutive nouns ; -ie
lintu ( “ bird ” ) + -in → lintuin ( “ birdie ” )
Declension
( back-vocalic )
( front-vocalic )
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *-in . Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
Forms instrumental nouns from verbs.
avata ( “ to open ” ) + -in → avvain ( “ key ” )
Declension
( back-vocalic )
( front-vocalic )
Derived terms
Etymology 3
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
first-person singular present indicative of -issa
Etymology 4
See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
inflection of -ia :
first-person singular present indicative
first-person singular past indicative
Irish
Suffix
-in f
( biochemistry ) -in
Declension
Further reading
Japanese
Romanization
-in
Rōmaji transcription of いん
Livvi
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-in . Cognates include Finnish -in and Estonian -i .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
Forms inanimate instrumental nouns from verbs.
avata ( “ to open ” ) + -in → avain ( “ key ” )
Declension
This suffix needs an inflection-table template .
Derived terms
Luxembourgish
Etymology
From Middle High German -inne , -in , -īn . Compare German -in .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
used to form the female versions of agent nouns
Derived terms
Maltese
Etymology
From Arabic ين ( -īn ) , oblique case form of ون ( -ūn ) , masculine personal plural suffix.
Suffix
-in
a common plural suffix
used in most nouns and adjectives derived with the native suffix -i
baħri ( “ sailor ” ) → baħrin ( “ sailors ” )
Malti ( “ Maltese ” ) → Maltin
used in participles and some other native adjectives
maqtugħ ( “ cut, cut-off ” ) → maqtugħin
ħelu ( “ sweet ” ) → ħelwin
See also
Marshallese
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
of
from
for
Usage notes
This suffix is combined with nouns to create construct forms .
References
Middle Dutch
Etymology
From Old Dutch *-īn , from Proto-Germanic *-īnaz .
Suffix
-in
-en ; creates adjectives for the material of which something is made.
Alternative forms
Derived terms
Descendants
Northern Sami
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Samic *-jnē , originally the essive case of a possessive adjective in *-j- .
Suffix
-in
The ending of the comitative singular case.
Usage notes
This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Samic *-jnē , originally the plural essive form.
Suffix
-in
The ending of the locative plural case.
Usage notes
This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.
Ojibwe
Final
-in
act on by hand (often with a sense of holding an object)
Derived terms
Suffix
-in
A suffix denoting the first-person singular to second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)
See also
Suffix
-in
A local inverse them sign denoting that the second-person prefix gi- is the theme (object) of a transitive animate verb (vta) while the first-person agent (subject) is denoted by the verbal suffixes.
References
Old High German
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *-īnaz .
Suffix
-īn
used to create adjectives from nouns
stein ( “ stone ” ) + -īn → steinīn ( “ made of stone ” )
gold ( “ gold ” ) + -īn → guldīn ( “ golden ” )
Descendants
Old Norse
Suffix
-in
inflection of -inn ( adjective suffix ) :
positive degree strong feminine nominative singular
positive degree strong neuter nominative / accusative plural
inflection of -inn ( participle suffix ) :
strong feminine nominative singular
strong neuter nominative / accusative plural
inflection of -inn ( definite article suffix ) :
feminine nominative singular
neuter nominative / accusative plural
Old Polish
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-inъ .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
forms adjectives
Derived terms
Descendants
Pali
Alternative forms
Suffix
-in
Adjective in -ī/-inī/-i, meaning possessing what is denoted by the base.
Usage notes
Independent vowels and vowel bearers are shown in the list of alternative forms to accord with basic grammar rules. These are converted to dependent vowels when the suffix is used.
Derived terms
Words using this suffix are listed in their own category . Note that normally only the Latin script forms are listed, as etymology sections are normally restricted to the Latin script form.
Polish
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
IPA (key ) : /in/
Rhymes: -in
Syllabification: in
Etymology 1
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium .)
Suffix
-in m inan
( chemistry ) -ite
arsen + -in → arsenin
Declension
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Old Polish -in , from Proto-Slavic *-inъ .
Suffix
-in
Alternative form of -iny
Further reading
-in in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Portuguese
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in
Pronunciation spelling of -inho .
Related terms
Scots
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Middle English -ing , from Old English -ing , -ung , from Proto-West Germanic *-ingu , *-ungu .
Suffix
-in
Used to form present participles of verbs .
Used to form nouns from verbs.
Etymology 2
From Middle English -ing , from Old English -ing .
Suffix
-in
Forms diminutives or to form collectives .
References
Spanish
Suffix
-in m (noun-forming suffix , plural -ines )
Alternative form of -ing
Tagalog
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Philippine *-ən , from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən , from Proto-Austronesian *-ən .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in (verb-forming suffix , Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔ )
object trigger : to perform the action of the verb to someone or something
Lulutuin ko ang isda. ― I will cook the fish (literally, “The fish will be cooked by me. ”) ( The fish is focused.)
directional trigger : to do something in the (physical or psychological) direction of
Din alaw namin ang lola ni Olivia. ― We visited the grandmother of Olivia. (literally, “Olivia's grandmother was visited by us. ”) ( The grandmother is focused.)
actor trigger : to be affected or overtaken by a condition, feeling or phenomenon
Bin abaha ang bahay niya. ― His house gets flooded. ( His house is focused.)
object trigger : ( with root word reduplication ) to do something occasionally, at random, a little, a bit, now and then or here and there
Iniisip ko minsan ang nakaraan ko. ― I sometimes think about my past. (literally, “My past is sometimes thought about by me. ”) ( My past is focused.)
Suffix
-in (adjective-forming suffix , Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔ )
prone to, susceptible to
lagnat ( “ fever ” ) + -in → lagnatin ( “ prone to fever ” )
sakit ( “ illness ” ) + -in → sakitin ( “ prone to illness ” )
Suffix
-in (noun-forming suffix , Baybayin spelling ᜒᜈ᜔ or ᜁᜈ᜔ )
an object of the action expressed by the root
awit ( “ singing, song ” ) + -in → awitin ( “ song ” )
aral ( “ lesson, studying ” ) + -in → aralin ( “ studies ” )
( Quezon ) nature and origin suffix
Quezon ( “ province ” ) + -in → Quezonin ( “ a native of Quezon ” )
Sampaloc ( “ municipality ” ) + -in → Sampalukin ( “ a native of Sampaloc, Quezon ” )
bayan ( “ town center or poblacion ” ) + -in → bayanin ( “ a local from the town center ” )
linang ( “ farm or remote area ” ) + -in → linangin ( “ a local from the farm ” )
Usage notes
Normally, /h/ is inserted before -in when the root word ends with a vowel that is not followed by a glottal stop. In some cases, phoneme change can occur and /h/ becomes /n/ or /r/ .
sabi + -h in → sabihin
talo + -n in → talunin
sala + -r in → salarin
Sometimes, the final vowel of the root word disappears when the suffix is added.
sunod + -in → sundin
kamit + -in → kamtin
Derived terms
Turkish
Etymology 1
From Proto-Turkic *-niŋ .
Suffix
-in
Genitive case suffix for the nouns which end in a consonant
öğretmen ( “ teacher ” ) + -in → öğretmenin ( “ teacher's/of the teacher ” )
Usage notes
It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün , -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
yüz + -ün → yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")
saç + -ın → saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")
yol + -un → yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ" (see below).
sebep + -in → sebebin
köpek + -in → köpeğin
çekiç + -in → çekicin
senet + -in → senedin
It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
beyi n + -in → beyn in
If the word ends in a vowel, it's used with an auxiliary consonant; "n".
peri + -nin → perinin
It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun. It cannot cause consonant voicing (point 3).
Canberk + -in → Canberk'in
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *-iŋ .
Suffix
-in
Second-person singular possessive suffix denoting singular possession in words ending in a consonant.
ev ( “ house ” ) + -in → evin ( “ your house ” )
ofis ( “ office ” ) + -in → ofisin ( “ your office ” )
Usage notes
If the noun ends in a vowel, it becomes -n
kedi + -n → kedin
It's used only when the word's last vowel is "e" or "i". It may change into -ün , -ın and -un according to the last vowel of the word.
yüz + -ün → yüzün (the last vowel is "ö" or "ü")
saç + -ın → saçın (the last vowel is "a" or "ı")
yol + -un → yolun (the last vowel is "o" or "u")
If the word ends in "p", "ç", "t" or "k", it may change them into "b", "c", "d" and "ğ".
sebep + -in → sebebin
köpek + -in → köpeğin
çekiç + -in → çekicin
senet + -in → senedin
It may cause the last vowel of the word dropped.
beyi n + -in → beyn in
It must be used with an apostrophe if it's appended to a proper noun.
Canberk + -in → Canberk'in
Etymology 3
Suffix
-in
Reflexive suffix
giy- ( “ to wear ” ) + -in → giyin- ( “ to dress oneself ” )
Welsh
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *-in , from Proto-Celtic *-īnos , from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos .
Pronunciation
Suffix
-in f
forms nouns characterised by root
hesb ( “ barren, sterile ” ) + -in → hesbin ( “ young ewe ” )
crib ( “ comb ” ) + -in → cribin ( “ rake ” )
( obsolete ) forms adjectives from nouns, usually nouns of material
pridd ( “ soil, earth ” ) + -in → priddin ( “ earthen ” )
aur ( “ gold ” ) + -in → eurin ( “ golden ” )
lledr ( “ leather ” ) + -in → lledrin ( “ leathern ” )
forms adjectives from other adjectives
garw ( “ rough ” ) + -in → gerwin ( “ severe, harsh ” )
Usage notes
-in causes i-affection of preceding vowels, e.g., aur ( “ gold ” ) + -in → eurin ( “ golden ” ) , garw ( “ rough ” ) + -in → gerwin ( “ severe, harsh ” ) .
Derived terms
References
R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-in ”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
Wolof
Suffix
-in
forms nouns of manner
dox ( “ to walk ” ) + -in → doxin ( “ gait, walk, stride ” )
sol ( “ to put on a garment of clothing ” ) + -in → colin ( “ a manner of dressing ” )