-on
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From Proto-Philippine *-ən, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *-ən, from Proto-Austronesian *-ən. Cognate with Ilocano -en and Tagalog -in).
-on (complete gi-, progressive gina-, gi-, contemplative -on, imperative -a)
-on
-on
See -Vn (illative suffix).
-on
Inherited from Old French -on, a blending of Latin -ōnem (accusative singular of -ō, masculine appellative suffix), Frankish *-on (accusative of *-ō, ending of masculine weak declension nouns), Frankish *-in (diminutive suffix), and *-ing (diminutive suffix for animals, via -enc, -enz). Some also descend from the Celtic singulative *-onos, such as mouton.
-on
Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ον (-on), neuter of -ος (-os), masculine adjective ending.
-on
-ōn
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-on (superessive case suffix)
| Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
| Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként | |||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-on
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -onok | -onsz | -on | -onunk | -ontok | -onnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -ontam | -ontál | -ont | -ontunk | -ontatok | -ontak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -onni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -onék | -onál | -ona | -onánk | -onátok | -onának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -on vala, -ont vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -onandok | -onandasz | -onand | -onandunk | -onandotok | -onandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -onnék | -onnál | -onna | -onnánk | -onnátok | -onnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -ont volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -onjak | -onj or -onjál |
-onjon | -onjunk | -onjatok | -onjanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -ont légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | -onni | -onnom | -onnod | -onnia | -onnunk | -onnotok | -onniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| -onás | -onó | -ont | ― | -onva (-onván) | |||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhatok | -onhatsz | -onhat | -onhatunk | -onhattok | -onhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | -onhattam | -onhattál | -onhatott | -onhattunk | -onhattatok | -onhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | -onhaték | -onhatál | -onhata | -onhatánk | -onhatátok | -onhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. -onhat vala, -onhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | -onhatandok or -onandhatok |
-onhatandasz or -onandhatsz |
-onhatand or -onandhat |
-onhatandunk or -onandhatunk |
-onhatandotok or -onandhattok |
-onhatandanak or -onandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhatnék | -onhatnál | -onhatna | -onhatnánk | -onhatnátok | -onhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -onhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | -onhassak | -onhass or -onhassál |
-onhasson | -onhassunk | -onhassatok | -onhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -onhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (-onhatni) | (-onhatnom) | (-onhatnod) | (-onhatnia) | (-onhatnunk) | (-onhatnotok) | (-onhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (-onhatva / -onhatván) | ||||
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-on
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-on
-on
A new formation from words such as ion (“ion”), from Ancient Greek -ου (-ou), neuter of -ος (-os), from Proto-Indo-European *-os (creates nouns from verb stems).
-on (definite singular neuter -onet, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
-on (definite singular neuter -onet or definite singular masculine -onen, indefinite plural -on or -oner, definite plural -onene or -ona)
From Proto-Germanic *-ōną.
-on
| infinitive | -on | |
|---|---|---|
| indicative | present | past |
| 1st person singular | -on | -oda |
| 2nd person singular | -os | -odes |
| 3rd person singular | -od | -oda |
| plural | -iod | -odun |
| subjunctive | present | past |
| 1st person singular | -o | -odi |
| 2nd person singular | -os | -odis |
| 3rd person singular | -o | -odi |
| plural | -ion | -odin |
| imperative | present | |
| singular | -o | |
| plural | -iod | |
| participle | present | past |
| -ondi | -od | |
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
-on m inan or m pers
Inanimate delcension:
Animate delcension:
-on m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ones)
Most likely originally from smultron (“wild strawberry”) and nypon (“rosehip”) and then extended to other borrowed words with an original -a suffix. Probably originally a plural suffix cognate to Gothic -𐍉𐌽𐌰 (-ōna) in e.g. 𐌰𐌿𐌲𐍉𐌽𐌰 (augōna, “eyes”), compare Swedish ögon.
-on n
-on
-on
-on