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Hungarian
Pronunciation
Suffix
-ban/-ben (inessive case suffix)
- Inside a definable space. Question word: hol? (“where?”).
- ágy (“bed”) + -ban → ágyban (“in bed”)
- A gyerekek már ágyban voltak. ― The children were already in bed.
- In a defined period of time. Question word: mikor? (“when?”)
- január (“January”) + -ban → januárban (“in January”)
- Januárban sok hó esett. ― It snowed a lot in January.
- In some situation or condition. Question word: hogyan? (“how?”)
- csoport (“group”) + -ban → csoportban (“in group”)
- Két csoportban utaztunk. ― We traveled in two groups.
- ruha (“dress”) + -ban → ruhában (“in dress”)
- Ebben a ruhában nem mehetsz el. ― You can't go out in this dress.
- The cause or trigger of something. Question word: miért? (“why? for what reason?”)
- Súlyos betegségben szenved. ― He/she is suffering from a serious illness.
- A nagyapám rákban halt meg. ― My grandfather died of cancer.
- A szülők sírtak örömükben. ― The parents wept with joy.
- In some adverbs.
- általában (“in general, generally, usually”)
- elsősorban (“primarily, mainly, first of all, above all”)
- In some postpositions.
- Érdeklődés hiányában az előadás elmaradt. ― Due to lack of interest, the show was cancelled.
- érdekében (“for the benefit of, in the interest of”)
- következtében (“in consequence of, as a consequence of”)
Usage notes
- (inessive case suffix) Variants:
- -ban is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á.
- ház (“house”) + -ban → a házban (“in the house”)
- alma (“apple”) + -ban → az almában (“in the apple”)
- -ben is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-
- kert (“garden”) + -ben → a kertben (“in the garden”)
- béke (“peace”) + -ben → békében (“in peace”)
Hungarian case suffixes
| Case
|
Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú
|
Front vowel
|
unrounded
e, é, i, í
|
rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
|
| nominative
|
—
|
| accusative
|
-t
|
| -ot / -at
|
-et
|
-öt
|
| dative
|
-nak
|
-nek
|
| instrumental
|
-val
|
-vel
|
| causal-final
|
-ért
|
| translative
|
-vá
|
-vé
|
| terminative
|
-ig
|
| essive-formal
|
-ként
|
| essive-modal
|
-ul
|
-ül
|
| inessive
|
-ban
|
-ben
|
| superessive
|
-n
|
| -on
|
-en
|
-ön
|
| adessive
|
-nál
|
-nél
|
| illative
|
-ba
|
-be
|
| sublative
|
-ra
|
-re
|
| allative
|
-hoz
|
-hez
|
-höz
|
| elative
|
-ból
|
-ből
|
| delative
|
-ról
|
-ről
|
| ablative
|
-tól
|
-től
|
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként
|
See also
Japanese
Romanization
-ban
- Rōmaji transcription of ばん