Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-inъ
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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Slavic
Etymology
Adjective-forming suffix. From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-īˀnas, from Proto-Indo-European *-iHnos. Cognate with Lithuanian collective-forming suffix -ýnas, Latin -īnus. Compare also *-ina for forming both collectives and singulatives (from Proto-Indo-European *-iHneh₂). E.g.
- *svinъ (“of or pertaining to pigs”) from Proto-Balto-Slavic *swīˀnas from Proto-Indo-European *suH-iHnos (cognate formation with Latvian svīns (“dirty”), Latin suīnus (“swine”), Gothic 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽 (swein, “pig”)).
Later it was productively applied to inherited i-stems:
The singulative meaning derives from original possessive meaning, for example the meaning of *čeľadinъ “member of the tribe or household” is derived from “belonging to the tribe or household”.
Adjective
*-inъ
- -ine (of or pertaining to) Creates relative and possessive adjectives from nouns other than o-stems.
Usage notes
This suffix is attached to most noun types, in particular a-stems (feminines). The suffix *-ovъ (and its variant *-evъ) is used with o-stem nouns (masculines and neuters).
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-ino |
| genitive | *-ina | *-iny | *-ina |
| dative | *-inu | *-ině | *-inu |
| accusative | *-inъ | *-inǫ | *-ino |
| instrumental | *-inomь | *-inojǫ | *-inomь |
| locative | *-ině | *-ině | *-ině |
| vocative | *-ine | *-ino | *-ino |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| genitive | *-inu | *-inu | *-inu |
| dative | *-inoma | *-inama | *-inoma |
| accusative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| instrumental | *-inoma | *-inama | *-inoma |
| locative | *-inu | *-inu | *-inu |
| vocative | *-ina | *-ině | *-ině |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-ini | *-iny | *-ina |
| genitive | *-inъ | *-inъ | *-inъ |
| dative | *-inomъ | *-inamъ | *-inomъ |
| accusative | *-iny | *-iny | *-ina |
| instrumental | *-iny | *-inami | *-iny |
| locative | *-iněxъ | *-inaxъ | *-iněxъ |
| vocative | *-ini | *-iny | *-ina |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-inъjь | *-inaja | *-inoje |
| genitive | *-inajego | *-inyję̇ | *-inajego |
| dative | *-inujemu | *-iněji | *-inujemu |
| accusative | *-inъjь | *-inǫjǫ | *-inoje |
| instrumental | *-inyjimь | *-inǫjǫ | *-inyjimь |
| locative | *-inějemь | *-iněji | *-inějemь |
| vocative | *-inъjь | *-inaja | *-inoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| genitive | *-inuju | *-inuju | *-inuju |
| dative | *-inyjima | *-inyjima | *-inyjima |
| accusative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| instrumental | *-inyjima | *-inyjima | *-inyjima |
| locative | *-inuju | *-inuju | *-inuju |
| vocative | *-inaja | *-iněji | *-iněji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-iniji | *-inyję̇ | *-inaja |
| genitive | *-inъjixъ | *-inъjixъ | *-inъjixъ |
| dative | *-inyjimъ | *-inyjimъ | *-inyjimъ |
| accusative | *-inyję̇ | *-inyję̇ | *-inaja |
| instrumental | *-inyjimi | *-inyjimi | *-inyjimi |
| locative | *-inyjixъ | *-inyjixъ | *-inyjixъ |
| vocative | *-iniji | *-inyję̇ | *-inaja |
Derived terms
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
- → German: -in
Noun
*-inъ m
- Creates singulatives, mostly with consonantal-stem pluralia tantum or collective nouns denoting nationalities, names of residents of an area, names of tribes and place names.
- *bratъ (“brother”) → *bratьja (“brothers (collectively)”) → *bratinъ (“brother”)
- *čeľadь (“family, ancestral community, everyone in household”) → *čeľadinъ (“one belonging to the family, tribe or household”)
- *gospoda (“lords (collectively)”) → *gospodinъ (“master, lord”)
- *ľudь, *ľudьje (“people, folks (collectively)”) → *ľudinъ (“man”)
- *Obre (“Avars”) → *obrinъ (“Avar; giant”)
- *voji (“army”) → *vojinъ (“soldier, warrior”)
- *Rusь (“Rus'”) → *Rusinъ
- Exceptionally occurs in several unmotivated formations, usually to create an instrument or agent noun
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-ini |
| genitive | *-ina | *-inu | *-inъ |
| dative | *-inu | *-inoma | *-inomъ |
| accusative | *-inъ | *-ina | *-iny |
| instrumental | *-inъmь, *-inomь* | *-inoma | *-iny |
| locative | *-ině | *-inu | *-iněxъ |
| vocative | *-ine | *-ina | *-ini |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Derived terms
References
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-inъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 120