Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/-ma
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology 1
From Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
*-ma / *-mä
- Forms action/result nouns from verbs.
- Mostly meaningless suffix added to some nominal stems.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Derived terms
Descendants
Etymology 2
From Proto-Uralic *-ma.
Suffix
*-ma / *-mä
- Forms the gerund of verbs, generally only in certain case forms.
- Forms the agent participle, which indicates that an action was done by something (in the genitive).
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
Gerund:
- Estonian: -ma (ma-infinitive) (gerund in inessive, elative, translative and abessive)
- Finnish: -ma (gerund (3rd infinitive) in inessive, elative, illative, adessive, abessive and instructive)
- Ingrian: -ma (gerund (3rd infinitive) in inessive, elative, illative and abessive)
- Võro: -ma (ma-infinitive)
- Votic: -ma (gerund in inessive, elative, illative and abessive)
Agent participle:
- Finnish: -ma
Etymology 3
Possibly an extension of the sense in Etymology 1, with the sense development "action" > "event" > "location of event" > "location".
Suffix
*-ma / *-mä
- Forms names for places or locations.
Inflection
This noun needs an inflection-table template.
Descendants
- Finnish: -ma
Etymology 4
From Proto-Uralic *-ma(t).
Suffix
*-ma / *-mä
- The first-person plural personal ending for verbs.
Usage notes
- Attached after a tense or mood marker. In the present indicative, this was *-k-; this led to gemination in practically all descendants (*-kmV > *-mmV), which was then widely extended by analogy to other tenses and moods as well.[1]
- The final vowel was probably originally *-a/*-ä, and influenced in many descendants by the first-person plural personal pronoun *mek/*möö.[1]
Descendants
- Estonian: -me
- Finnish: -mme (vowel influenced by me), (dialectal) -mma (Ostrobothnia, Lapland, Karelia), -ma (South Ostrobothnia, past; < *-i-ma)
- Ingrian: -mma
- Karelian:
- Livonian: -mõ, -m
- Livvi: -mmo
- Ludian: -mme
- Veps: -m
- Votic: -mma/-mmõ
- Võro: -m