From Proto-Finnic *koira, from earlier *koj(e)ra, from Proto-Uralic *kojera (“male animal”) (whence also koiras (“male animal”)), derived from Proto-Uralic *koje (“male, man”), in which case the word probably originally meant "male dog" specifically (and possibly displaced peni in the general sense of "dog").
koira
Inflection of koira (Kotus type 10/koira, no gradation) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | koira | koirat | ||
genitive | koiran | koirien | ||
partitive | koiraa | koiria | ||
illative | koiraan | koiriin | ||
singular | plural | |||
nominative | koira | koirat | ||
accusative | nom. | koira | koirat | |
gen. | koiran | |||
genitive | koiran | koirien koirainrare | ||
partitive | koiraa | koiria | ||
inessive | koirassa | koirissa | ||
elative | koirasta | koirista | ||
illative | koiraan | koiriin | ||
adessive | koiralla | koirilla | ||
ablative | koiralta | koirilta | ||
allative | koiralle | koirille | ||
essive | koirana | koirina | ||
translative | koiraksi | koiriksi | ||
abessive | koiratta | koiritta | ||
instructive | — | koirin | ||
comitative | See the possessive forms below. |
From Proto-Finnic *koira (“male dog”), from Proto-Uralic *kojera (“male animal”). Cognates include Finnish koira and Estonian koer.
koira
Declension of koira (type 3/koira, no gradation) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
nominative | koira | koirat |
genitive | koiran | koiriin |
partitive | koiraa | koiria |
illative | koiraa | koirii |
inessive | koiraas | koiriis |
elative | koirast | koirist |
allative | koiralle | koirille |
adessive | koiraal | koiriil |
ablative | koiralt | koirilt |
translative | koiraks | koiriks |
essive | koiranna, koiraan | koirinna, koiriin |
exessive1) | koirant | koirint |
1) obsolete *) the accusative corresponds with either the genitive (sg) or nominative (pl) **) the comitative is formed by adding the suffix -ka? or -kä? to the genitive. |
North Karelian (Viena) |
koira |
---|---|
South Karelian (Tver) |
koira |
From Proto-Finnic *koira. Cognates include Finnish koira and Estonian koer.
koira (genitive koiran, partitive koirua)
Viena Karelian declension of koira (type 5/koira, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | koira | koirat | |
genitive | koiran | koirien | |
partitive | koirua | koirie | |
illative | koirah | koirih | |
inessive | koirašša | koirissa | |
elative | koirašta | koirista | |
adessive | koiralla | koirilla | |
ablative | koiralta | koirilta | |
translative | koirakši | koiriksi | |
essive | koirana | koirina | |
comitative | — | koirineh | |
abessive | koiratta | koiritta |
Tver Karelian declension of koira (type 5/koira no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | koira | koirat | |
genitive | koiran | koirin | |
partitive | koirua | koirie | |
illative | koirah | koirih | |
inessive | koirašša | koirissa | |
elative | koirašta | koirista | |
adessive | koiralla | koirilla | |
ablative | koiralda | koirilda | |
translative | koirakši | koiriksi | |
essive | koirana | koirina | |
comitative | koiranke | koirinke | |
abessive | koiratta | koiritta |
Possessive forms of koira | ||
---|---|---|
1st person | koirani | |
2nd person | koiraš | |
3rd person | koirah | |
*) Possessive forms are very rare for adjectives and only used in substantivised clauses. |