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Arabic
Etymology
Variant of غ ب ر (ḡ b r), while ع ف ر • (ʕ f r) is less common but common in Hebrew and Aramaic ע־פ־ר. Ge'ez has only አፈር (ʾäfär, “dust”) which is considered a loanword from either Amharic or Hebrew – it is present in Amharic, Harari, Sebat Bet Gurage, Argobba. Sabaean 𐩲𐩰𐩧 (ʿfr) means “to perform, to do consideration”. From Proto-Semitic *ʿapar- (“soil, dust”).
Root
ع ف ر • (ʕ f r)
- related to ash
Derived terms
- Form I: عَفَرَ (ʕafara, “to cover with dust, to soot, to wallow in dust”)
- Verbal noun: عَفْر (ʕafr)
- Active participle: عَافِر (ʕāfir)
- Passive participle: مَعْفُور (maʕfūr)
- Form II: عَفَّرَ (ʕaffara, “synonym of عَفَرَ (ʕafara); to make ash-gray; to pick together, to glean”)
- Form III: عَافَرَ (ʕāfara, “to fight, to make cleave the dust”)
- Form V: تَعَفَّرَ (taʕaffara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
- Form VI: تَعَافَرَ (taʕāfara, “to be made ash-gray”)
- Form VII: اِنْعَفَرَ (inʕafara, “to become rubbed or rolled in dust”)
- Form VIII: اِعْتَفَرَ (iʕtafara, “to become inquinated with dust”)
- عِفْر (ʕifr, “farrow”)
- عَفَر (ʕafar, “dust”)
- عُفْرَة (ʕufra, “dust colour”)
- عُفَار (ʕufār, “dust”)
- عَفَار (ʕafār, “certain ignitable plants”)
- عَفَّارَة (ʕaffāra, “pulverizer, atomizer, sprayer”)
- يَعْفُور (yaʕfūr, “gazelle of ash-gray colour”)
- عَفِير (ʕafīr, “dry, dusty”)
- عِفْرِيَة (ʕifriya, “long hair or feathers dangling behind a beast, mane”)
- عَفَّار (ʕaffār, “who pollinates”)
- عِفْرِيت (ʕifrīt, “wicked”)
References
- Dillmann, August (1865) Lexicon linguae aethiopicae cum indice latino (in Latin), Leipzig: T. O. Weigel, column 808
- Leslau, Wolf (1991) Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 10
- Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “ع ف ر”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 143
- Freytag, Georg (1835) “ع ف ر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 183–184
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “ع ف ر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 2089–2091
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “ع ف ر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 854