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Appendix:Korean parts of speech. In DICTIOUS you will not only get to know all the dictionary meanings for the word
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Appendix:Korean parts of speech in singular and plural. Everything you need to know about the word
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Speech levels
- See also: Appendix:Korean verbs
화계 (話階, hwagye, “speech levels”)
| 공대화계 (恭待話階, gongdaehwagye, “polite speech levels”)
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| Korean term
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Wiktionary translation[1]
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Translations used elsewhere
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Notes
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| 하십시오체 (hasipsioche) (합쇼체)
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formal polite style
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formal style,[2] deferential style [3]
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격식 (gyeoksik, “formal”) and 공대 (恭待, gongdae, “polite”). E.g. 합니다, 하십니다.
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| 해요체 (haeyoche)
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informal polite style
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polite style[2]
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비격식 (bigyeoksik, “informal”) and 공대 (恭待, gongdae, “polite”). E.g. 해요, 하세요.
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| 하소서체 (hasoseoche)
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royalty style, extremely formal style
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E.g.: 하나이다, 하시나이다. Extremely formal and polite.
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| Others
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| Korean term
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Wiktionary translation[1]
|
Translations used elsewhere
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Notes
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| 해체 (haeche)
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informal plain style
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informal style
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반말 (banmal, “half words”), i.e. without a proper final ending. E.g. 해, 하여, 하셔. Informal and of neutral to low politeness.
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| 해라체 (haerache)
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formal plain style
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plain style[2]
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E.g. 한다, 하신다. Formal and of neutral to low politeness.
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| 하게체 (hageche)
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familiar style[2]
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E.g. 하네, 하시네. Of neutral politeness.
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| 하오체 (haoche)
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blunt style, middle style, formal lateral style, authoritative style
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semiformal style [2]
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E.g. 하오, 하쇼, 하시오. Formal and of neutral politeness.
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Parts of speech
- See also: Category:ko:Parts of speech
| Korean term
|
Wiktionary translation[1]
|
Translations used elsewhere
|
Notes
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| 동사 (dongsa)
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verb
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action verb
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E.g.: 하다 (hada), 가다 (gada)
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| 형용사 (hyeong'yongsa)
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adjective
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descriptive verb, stative verb, conjugated adjective
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E.g.: 곱다 (gopda), 덥다 (deopda)
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| 관형사 (gwanhyeongsa)
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determiner
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determinative, adnominal, pre-noun, attributive, unconjugated adjective, adnoun[2]
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E.g.: 각 (gak, “each”), 느린 (neurin)
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| 명사 (myeongsa)
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noun
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substantive
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E.g.: 가족 (gajok), 맛 (mat)
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| 대명사 (daemyeongsa)
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pronoun
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E.g.: 나 (na), 그 (geu)
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| 부사 (busa)
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adverb
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E.g.: 또 (tto), 가득 (gadeuk)
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| 조사 (josa)
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particle
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postposition
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E.g.: 는 (neun), 를 (reul)
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| 감탄사 (gamtansa)
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interjection
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exclamation
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E.g.: 아니 (ani)
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| 수사 (susa)
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number
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numeral
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Many of these appear to lack standard names in Korean.
| Korean term
|
Wiktionary translation[1]
|
Translations used elsewhere
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Notes
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| 연결형 (yeon'gyeolhyeong)
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stem[4]
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polite stem, infinitive[5][2], connective
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E.g. 하여 (hayeo), 해 (hae)
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| 기본형 (gibonhyeong)
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infinitive[6]
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dictionary form, fundamental form, standard form
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to be distinguished from the plain or formal plain style above; e.g. 하다 (hada)
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| 하니 (hani)
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inferential
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| 피동사 (pidongsa)
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passive
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| 사동사 (sadongsa)
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causative
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| 현재 (現在, hyeonjae)
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present
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E.g. 한다, 먹습니다, 가요
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| 과거 (過去, gwageo)
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past
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preterite
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E.g. 했어, 먹었다, 갔습니다
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| 과거 회상 형태
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past recollective form(s)
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retrospective forms
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includes verbs of various moods, typically with -ㄷ-, -디-, -더니, or -던-
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| 미래 (mirae)
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future
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assertive future, intentional, definite future
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the tense marked by -겠 (get)-
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Phonology
| Korean term
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Wiktionary translation[1]
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Translations used elsewhere
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Notes
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| 받침 (batchim)
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final[7]
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syllable-final consonant
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For example, the ㅂ in 쉽다.
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| 거센 소리 (geosen sori)
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aspiration
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for example, ㅌ ㅋ ㅍ
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| 된소리 (doensori)
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fortis
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tensing
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for example, ㄲ ㄸ ㅃ
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Etymology
Other
| Korean term
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Wiktionary translation[1]
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Translations used elsewhere
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Notes
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| 체언 (cheeon)
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substantive
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nominal
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Includes all 명사 (myeongsa, “noun”), 대명사 (daemyeongsa, “pronoun”) and 수사 (susa, “number”)
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| 용언 (yong'eon)
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inflectional word
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predicate, words that can be conjugated
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E.g. 이다 (ida), 아니다 (anida), also includes all 동사 (dongsa, “verbs”) and 형용사 (hyeong'yongsa, “adjectives”)
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| 어간 (eogan)
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?
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stem
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| 상 (sang)
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aspect
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e.g. 직설 (jikseol, “indicative”) (-ㄴ, -니-, -는-), "retrospective" (-ㄷ-, -디-, -던-), or 가정 (gajeong, “subjunctive”) (-ㅅ-, -시-)
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| 법 (beop)
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mood
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| 서술법 (seosulbeop) (평서?)
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declarative mood
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In speech levels that differentiate with mood, verbs in the declarative mood typically end with -다, -라, or -ㅔ
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| 의문형 (uimunhyeong)
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interrogative sentence
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-까, -ㅕ, 가
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| 청유형 (cheong'yuhyeong)
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proposative sentence
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petitionary sentence, suggestive sentence
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-다, -자, -ㅔ
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| 명령형 (myeongnyeonghyeong)
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imperative sentence
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In speech levels that differentiate with mood, verbs in the imperative mood typically end with -ㅗ, -ㅓ라, or -게.
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| 어미 (eomi)
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suffix
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tail, verb ending
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generally used in specific distinction from 조사 (josa, “particle”).
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| 종결어미 (jonggyeoreomi)
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sentence suffix
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closing suffix
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| 복수형 (boksuhyeong)
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plural form
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Notes
Works cited
- Baek, Bong-ja (백봉자) (1999) 외국어로서의 한국어 문법 사전 , Seoul: Yonsei University Press, →ISBN.
- King, Ross, Yeon, Jae-Hoon (2000) Elementary Korean, Boston: Tuttle Publishing, →ISBN.
- Martin, Samuel E[lmo] (1992) A Reference Grammar of Korean, Singapore: Tuttle, →ISBN.
- Suh, Cheong-soo (서정수) (2006) 국어문법 , revised edition, Seoul: Jimoon, →ISBN.