Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/gaisos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Borrowed from Proto-Germanic *gaizaz (given the diphthong *ai instead of the expected *oi), which itself is derived from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰoysós (“throwing spear”), from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰey- (“to throw, impel”). Related to Sanskrit हेषस् (héṣas, “missile”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬀 (zaēna, “weapon”), Ancient Greek χαῖος (khaîos, “shepherd's staff”).

Noun

*gaisos m[1]

  1. spear

Declension

Masculine o-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *gaisos *gaisou *gaisoi
vocative *gaise *gaisou *gaisoi
accusative *gaisom *gaisou *gaisoms
genitive *gaisī *gaisous *gaisom
dative *gaisūi *gaisobom *gaisobos
locative *gaisei *? *?
instrumental *gaisū *gaisobim *gaisūis

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *goɨw
  • Old Irish: gae
  • Gaulish: *gaisos
    • → Latin: gaesum (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Gaulish: *Ariogaisos (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 154
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