Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/trougos

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 This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

Uncertain,[1] but relations to Ancient Greek στρεύγομαι (streúgomai, “to be exhausted”) have been postulated.[2][3]

Adjective

*trougos

  1. miserable, wretched
  2. pitiful, sad

Inflection

O/ā-stem
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *trougos *trougou *trougoi
vocative *trouge *trougou *trougoi
accusative *trougom *trougou *trougoms
genitive *trougī *trougous *trougom
dative *trougūi *trougobom *trougobos
instrumental *trougū *trougobim *trougobis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *trougā *trougai *trougās
vocative *trougā *trougai *trougās
accusative *trougam *trougai *trougams
genitive *trougās *trougous *trougom
dative *trougai *trougābom *trougābos
instrumental *? *trougābim *trougābis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *trougom *trougou *trougā
vocative *trougom *trougou *trougā
accusative *trougom *trougou *trougā
genitive *trougī *trougous *trougom
dative *trougūi *trougobom *trougobos
instrumental *trougū *trougobim *trougobis
Declension of the comparative
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *trougyūs *? *trougyoses
vocative *trougyūs *? *trougyoses
accusative *trougyosam *? *trougyosams
genitive *trougisos *? *trougisom
dative *trougisei *? *trougisbos
instrumental *trougisī *? *trougisbis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *trougyūs *? *trougyoses
vocative *trougyūs *? *trougyoses
accusative *trougyosam *? *trougyosams
genitive *trougisos *? *trougisom
dative *trougisei *? *trougisbos
instrumental *trougisī *? *trougisbis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *trougis *? *?
vocative *trougis *? *?
accusative *trougis *? *?
genitive *trougisos *? *trougisom
dative *trougisei *? *trougisbos
instrumental *trougisī *? *trougisbis

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *trʉɣ
    • Middle Breton: tru
    • Old Welsh: tru
  • Old Irish: trúag, tróg

References

  1. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*trowgo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 390
  2. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003) Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN
  3. ^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 234
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