Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/kallis
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This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
The shape of the word suggests borrowing, but the exact origin remains unclear. Plötz (2013) suggests derivation either from some Baltic or Germanic descendant of Proto-Indo-European *kelH- (“to rise, protrude”) (compare Lithuanian kalnas (“hill”), Icelandic hallur (“cliff”)), through a meaning "high (in price)", or as a late loan from an Eastern Norse descendant of Proto-Germanic *haldiz (“rather, dear”) (compare Old Norse heldr).[1]
Earlier other Germanic loan etymologies have been proposed, with problems either in semantics (compare Old Norse hallæri (“poor harvest”)) or phonetics (Proto-Germanic *alja- seen in Old Norse elja (“concubine”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el-yo-).[2]
Adjective
*kallis[3]
Inflection
Inflection of *kallis
| Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | |||
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kallis | *kallihët | |
| accusative | *kallihën | *kallihët | |
| genitive | *kallihën | *kallistën *kallihidën | |
| partitive | *kallista | *kallihita | |
| inessive | *kallihëssa *kallihëhna |
*kallihissa *kallihihna | |
| elative | *kallihësta | *kallihista | |
| illative | *kallihësën | *kallihisën | |
| adessive | *kallihëlla | *kallihilla | |
| ablative | *kallihëlta | *kallihilta | |
| allative | *kallihëlën *kallihëlëk |
*kallihilën *kallihilëk | |
| essive | *kallissa | *kallihina | |
| translative | *kallihëksi | *kallihiksi | |
| instructive | *kallihën | *kallihin | |
| comitative | *kallissëk | *kallihinëk | |
| abessive | *kallihëtta | *kallihitta | |
Descendants
- Estonian: kallis
- Finnish: kallis
- Ingrian: kallis
- Karelian:
- Livonian: (Salaca) kaĺĺ
- Livvi: kallis
- Ludian: kalliž
- Veps: kalliž
- Võro: kallis
- Votic: kalliz
References
- ^ Plötz, Oliver. 2013. "Ostseefinnisch, Germanisch, Baltisch: Zur Sekundärüberlieferung der germanischen und baltischen" *-i(ia)-Adjektive und zur Etymologie von fi. kallis 'teuer; lieb', urgerm. χalđiz 'eher; lieber' und idg. *kol(H)-no- 'hoch'. International Journal of Diachronic Linguistics and Linguistic Reconstruction 10: 137–179.
- ^ Kylstra, A.D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Otto. 1991–2012. Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen. Amsterdam: Rodopi.
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–) “*kallis”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary] (in Finnish)