Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er- (“to fit”).

Cognate with Lithuanian i̇̀rmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).

Noun

*armaz m

  2. arm
Inflection
Declension of *armaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *armaz *armōz, *armōs
vocative *arm *armōz, *armōs
accusative *armą *armanz
genitive *armas, *armis *armǫ̂
dative *armai *armamaz
instrumental *armō *armamiz
Descendants

Etymology 2

From Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”) and cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”).

Adjective

*armaz (comparative *armōzô, superlative *armōstaz)

  2. poor, miserable
  3. pitiful, pitiable
Inflection
Declension of *armaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *armaz *armō *armą, -atō *armai *armôz *armō
accusative *armanǭ *armǭ *armą, -atō *armanz *armōz *armō
genitive *armas, -is *armaizōz *armas, -is *armaizǫ̂ *armaizǫ̂ *armaizǫ̂
dative *armammai *armaizōi *armammai *armaimaz *armaimaz *armaimaz
instrumental *armanō *armaizō *armanō *armaimiz *armaimiz *armaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *armô *armǭ *armô *armaniz *armōniz *armōnō
accusative *armanų *armōnų *armô *armanunz *armōnunz *armōnō
genitive *arminiz *armōniz *arminiz *armanǫ̂ *armōnǫ̂ *armanǫ̂
dative *armini *armōni *armini *armammaz *armōmaz *armammaz
instrumental *arminē *armōnē *arminē *armammiz *armōmiz *armammiz
Derived terms
Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 1”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*arma- 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
  3. ^ Mallory, J.P., and D.Q. Adams. 2006. The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World. P. 196
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