Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Pronunciation
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂érmos, *h₂ŕ̥mos, from the root *h₂er- (“to fit”).[1]
Cognate with Lithuanian ìrmėdė (“gout”), Old Prussian irmo (“arm”), Ancient Greek ἁρμός (harmós), Latin armus, Proto-Slavic *òrmo (“shoulder”), Sanskrit ईर्म (īrmá, “arm”).
Noun
*armaz m[1]
Inflection
| masculine a-stemDeclension of *armaz (masculine a-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | *armaz | *armōz, *armōs | |
| vocative | *arm | *armōz, *armōs | |
| accusative | *armą | *armanz | |
| genitive | *armas, *armis | *armǫ̂ | |
| dative | *armai | *armamaz | |
| instrumental | *armō | *armamiz | |
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *arm
- Old Norse: armr
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁erm- (“poor, ill”). Cognate with Hittite 𒅕𒈠𒀭 (erman, “sickness”). (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)
Alternatively, from Pre-Germanic *h₃orbʰmos, with loss of -b- before -m-, from Proto-Indo-European *h₃erbʰ-, whence English orphan. Compare the Norse variant aumr, as from *arbmaz with no loss of -b-, which mirrors the dissimilation of Old Norse haustr from *harbistaz.[2]
Adjective
*armaz (comparative *armōzô, superlative *armōstaz)[2]
Inflection
Declension of *armaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *armaz | *armai | *armō | *armôz | *armą, -atō | *armō |
| Accusative | *armanǭ | *armanz | *armǭ | *armōz | *armą, -atō | *armō |
| Genitive | *armas, -is | *armaizǫ̂ | *armaizōz | *armaizǫ̂ | *armas, -is | *armaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *armammai | *armaimaz | *armaizōi | *armaimaz | *armammai | *armaimaz |
| Instrumental | *armanō | *armaimiz | *armaizō | *armaimiz | *armanō | *armaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *armô | *armaniz | *armǭ | *armōniz | *armô | *armōnō |
| Accusative | *armanų | *armanunz | *armōnų | *armōnunz | *armô | *armōnō |
| Genitive | *arminiz | *armanǫ̂ | *armōniz | *armōnǫ̂ | *arminiz | *armanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *armini | *armammaz | *armōni | *armōmaz | *armini | *armammaz |
| Instrumental | *arminē | *armammiz | *armōnē | *armōmiz | *arminē | *armammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *arm
- Old Norse: armr
- Gothic: 𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 (arms)
- → Proto-Finnic: *armas, *armo
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arma- 1”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*arma- 2”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 35