Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drinkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrenǵ- (“to draw into one's mouth, sip, gulp”), nasalised variant of *dʰreǵ- (“to draw, glide”). Cognate with Lithuanian drėgti (“to become moist”), Sanskrit ध्रजति (dhrajati, “to glide, swoop”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈdriŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*drinkaną

to drink

Inflection

Conjugation of *drinkaną (strong class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*drinkō	*drinkaų	—	*drinkai	?
2nd singular	*drinkizi	*drinkaiz	*drink	*drinkazai	*drinkaizau
3rd singular	*drinkidi	*drinkai	*drinkadau	*drinkadai	*drinkaidau
1st dual	*drinkōz	*drinkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*drinkadiz	*drinkaidiz	*drinkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*drinkamaz	*drinkaim	—	*drinkandai	*drinkaindau
2nd plural	*drinkid	*drinkaid	*drinkid	*drinkandai	*drinkaindau
3rd plural	*drinkandi	*drinkain	*drinkandau	*drinkandai	*drinkaindau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*drank	*drunkį̄
2nd singular	*dranht	*drunkīz
3rd singular	*drank	*drunkī
1st dual	*drunkū	*drunkīw
2nd dual	*drunkudiz	*drunkīdiz
1st plural	*drunkum	*drunkīm
2nd plural	*drunkud	*drunkīd
3rd plural	*drunkun	*drunkīn

	present	past
participles	*drinkandz	*drunkanaz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *drinkan
- Old English: drincan
  - Middle English: drinken, drynken
    - English: drink (see there for further descendants)
    - Scots: drink
    - Yola: drink
- Old Frisian: drinka
  - North Frisian:
    Föhr: drank
    Hallig: drinke
    Mooring: drainke
  - Saterland Frisian: drinke
  - West Frisian: drinke
- Old Saxon: drinkan
  - Middle Low German: drinken
    - Low German: drinken
- Old Dutch: drincan
  - Middle Dutch: drinken
    - Dutch: drinken
      - Afrikaans: drink
      - Berbice Creole Dutch: dronggi
      - Negerhollands: drink, dring, drin
      - → Aukan: dingii
    - Limburgish: drinke
- Old High German: trinkan
  - Middle High German: trinken
    - Alemannic German: trinke
      Italian Walser: trenhu, trénge, tringhien, trinche
    - Bavarian: trinkn, dringa
      Cimbrian: trinkhan, trinkan (Tredici Comuni)
      Mòcheno: trinken
      Udinese: trinkn, trinkhn, trinckn
    - Central Franconian: drenke, dronke, drönke (Eifel); drinke (Kölsch), drinke
      Hunsrik: drinke
    - German: trinken
    - Luxembourgish: drénken
    - Rhine Franconian:
      Pennsylvania German: drinke
    - Vilamovian: trynkja
    - Yiddish: טרינקען (trinken)
    - → Middle French: trinquer
      - French: trinquer
    - → Galician: trincar
    - → Italian: trincare
    - → Sicilian: ntrincari
    - → Spanish: trincar
    - → Venetian: trincar, trincàr
Old Norse: drekka, drikka
- Icelandic: drekka
- Faroese: drekka
- Norwegian Nynorsk: drikke, drikka
  - Russenorsk: drikkom
- Elfdalian: drikka
- Old Swedish: drikka
  - Swedish: dricka
- Old Danish: drikkæ
  - Danish: drikke
    - Norwegian Bokmål: drikke
  - Scanian: drikka
Gothic: 𐌳𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌺𐌰𐌽 (drigkan)
Vandalic: drincan

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drinkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103
^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*đrenkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*drinkan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 103

[2] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*đrenkanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 75

Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/drinkaną

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