Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fuglaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Likely dissimilated from earlier *fluglaz, from pre-Proto-Germanic *pluk-ló-s, from *pleuketi (“to fly”) (whence Proto-Germanic *fleuganą) + *-lós (agent noun suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *plewk- (“to fly”). Parallel construction with *flugilaz (“wing”), from *fleuganą +‎ *-ilaz. Alternatively cognate with Lithuanian paũkštis (“bird”), itself perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *powk-sti-s, from presumed root *pewk-.

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸuɣ.lɑz/

*fuglaz m

1. bird

• *flugulaz (“able to fly; flying (swiftly)”)
  • Proto-West Germanic: *flugol
    • Old English: flugol
  • Old Norse: flogall (“volatile”)
• *flukkaz (“flock”)

• Proto-West Germanic: *fugl
  • Old English: fugol, fugel, fugul, *flugol — attested as fluglas (pl)
    • Middle English: fowel, fowele, foul, foghel, fuȝel, foȝel, foughel, fouel, fowl
      • English: fowl
      • Scots: foul, fule
      • Yola: fowlès (plural)
  • Old Frisian: fugel
    • North Frisian:
      • Föhr-Amrum: fögel
      • Hallig: fugel
      • Goesharde and Mooring: föögel
    • Saterland Frisian: Fúgel, Fuugel
    • West Frisian: fûgel
  • Old Saxon: fugal
    • Middle Low German: vōgel
      • German Low German: Vogel, Vögel
      • Low German: Vagel, Vögel
      • Plautdietsch: Voagel
  • Old Dutch: fogal, vogal
    • Middle Dutch: vōgel
      • Dutch: vogel, veugel (obsolete)
        • Afrikaans: voël
          • → English: voël
        • Jersey Dutch: fœüxel
        • Negerhollands: vogel
        • Skepi Creole Dutch: fogul
        • →? Sranan Tongo: fowru, vol, vool
          • → Saramaccan: fóu
      • Limburgish: vogel, voeagel
      • West Flemish: veugel
      • Zealandic: veugel
  • Old High German: fogal, fugal
    • Middle High German: vogel
      • Alemannic German: Fogel, Vogel
      • Central Franconian: Vuggel, Vugel (Colognian Academy spelling), Vuul (scattered variant in Moselle Franconian)

        Hunsrik: Foghel

        Kölsch: Furrel

      • Cimbrian: vóoghel, bóoghel, vogl
      • German: Vogel
      • Luxembourgish: Vugel, Vull
      • Rhine Franconian:

        Pennsylvania German: Voggel

      • Vilamovian: föguł
      • Yiddish: פֿויגל (foygl)
• Old Norse: fogl, fugl
  • Icelandic: fugl
  • Faroese: fuglur
  • Norn: fugl, ful
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: fugl; (dialectal) fogl, føgl, faugl
  • Jamtish: fugł
  • Elfdalian: fugel
  • Old Swedish: fughl, foghl, ᚠᚢᚵᚼᛚ
    • Swedish: fågel, fogel
      • → Finnish: fogeli (Helsinki)
  • Old Danish: fughl
    • Danish: fugl
      • Norwegian Bokmål: fugl
    • Scanian: fuğl
  • Gutnish: fäugel
• Gothic: 𐍆𐌿𐌲𐌻𐍃 (fugls)