Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harmāną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *harmaz (“harm, pain”) +‎ *-āną or *harmaz (“painful, harmful”) +‎ *-āną.

Verb

*harmāną

  1. to harm, injure, pain
  2. to shame

Inflection

Conjugation of *harmāną (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *harmaisi ? *harmai *harmāsai ?
3rd singular *harmaiþi ? *harmāþau *harmāþai ?
1st dual *harmōs ? — — —
2nd dual *harmāþiz ? *harmāþiz — —
1st plural *harmāmaz ? — *harmānþai ?
2nd plural *harmaiþ ? *harmaiþ *harmānþai ?
3rd plural *harmānþi ? *harmānþau *harmānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *harmadǭ *harmadēdį̄
2nd singular *harmadēz *harmadēdīz
3rd singular *harmadē *harmadēdī
1st dual *harmadēdū *harmadēdīw
2nd dual *harmadēdudiz *harmadēdīdiz
1st plural *harmadēdum *harmadēdīm
2nd plural *harmadēdud *harmadēdīd
3rd plural *harmadēdun *harmadēdīn
present past
participles *harmāndz *harmadaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *harmēn
    • Old English: hearmian
    • Old High German: harmēn
    • → Old French: hargnier (see there for further descendants)
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