Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hulaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
Uncertain. Various explanations have been proposed, none without problems.
- From *ḱel- (“to cover”), the root of *helaną.[1] The regular outcome of the zero grade would be *hl-, but it is possible that u was inserted to avoid a nonsyllabic root, by analogy with many other Germanic zero grades.
- From *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).[2] A long vowel would be expected in the zero grade due to the following laryngeal, but Kroonen explains this away as "pretonic shortening". In this case, related to Latin cavus and Ancient Greek κοῖλος (koîlos).
Pronunciation
Adjective
*hulaz
Inflection
Declension of *hulaz (a-stem)
| Strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulaz | *hulai | *hulō | *hulôz | *hulą, -atō | *hulō |
| Accusative | *hulanǭ | *hulanz | *hulǭ | *hulōz | *hulą, -atō | *hulō |
| Genitive | *hulas, -is | *hulaizǫ̂ | *hulaizōz | *hulaizǫ̂ | *hulas, -is | *hulaizǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulammai | *hulaimaz | *hulaizōi | *hulaimaz | *hulammai | *hulaimaz |
| Instrumental | *hulanō | *hulaimiz | *hulaizō | *hulaimiz | *hulanō | *hulaimiz |
| Weak declension | ||||||
| Case | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | *hulô | *hulaniz | *hulǭ | *hulōniz | *hulô | *hulōnō |
| Accusative | *hulanų | *hulanunz | *hulōnų | *hulōnunz | *hulô | *hulōnō |
| Genitive | *huliniz | *hulanǫ̂ | *hulōniz | *hulōnǫ̂ | *huliniz | *hulanǫ̂ |
| Dative | *hulini | *hulammaz | *hulōni | *hulōmaz | *hulini | *hulammaz |
| Instrumental | *hulinē | *hulammiz | *hulōnē | *hulōmiz | *hulinē | *hulammiz |
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *hol
- Old Norse: holr
References
- ^ Philippa, Marlies, Debrabandere, Frans, Quak, Arend, Schoonheim, Tanneke, van der Sijs, Nicoline (2003–2009) “hol 1”, in Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands (in Dutch), Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hula-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 253