Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klinkwaną

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 This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen the verb is closely related to *klinganą (“to cling, to stick”), in his reconstruction both verbs originally had the meaning 'to shrink'. He suggests a connection with Lithuanian gležti (“to become flabby”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkliŋʷ.kʷɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*klinkwaną[1]

  1. to be afraid, to be shocked, to be appalled
  2. to lament
  3. to cry, to weep

Inflection

Conjugation of *klinkwaną (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klinkwō *klinkwaų — *klinkwai ?
2nd singular *klinkwizi *klinkwaiz *klinkw *klinkwazai *klinkwaizau
3rd singular *klinkwidi *klinkwai *klinkwadau *klinkwadai *klinkwaidau
1st dual *klinkwōz *klinkwaiw — — —
2nd dual *klinkwadiz *klinkwaidiz *klinkwadiz — —
1st plural *klinkwamaz *klinkwaim — *klinkwandai *klinkwaindau
2nd plural *klinkwid *klinkwaid *klinkwid *klinkwandai *klinkwaindau
3rd plural *klinkwandi *klinkwain *klinkwandau *klinkwandai *klinkwaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *klankw *klunkį̄
2nd singular *klanht *klunkīz
3rd singular *klankw *klunkī
1st dual *klunkū *klunkīw
2nd dual *klunkudiz *klunkīdiz
1st plural *klunkum *klunkīm
2nd plural *klunkud *klunkīd
3rd plural *klunkun *klunkīn
present past
participles *klinkwandz *klunkwanaz

Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*kling(w)an- ~ *klinkwan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 293
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