Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rūnō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *rewHn-, from *rewH-, *rēwH- (“to roar; grumble; murmur; mumble; whisper”). Compare Latin rūmor. Possibly a borrowing either from Proto-Celtic *rūnā or from the same source as it.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈruː.nɔː/

Noun

*rūnō f

secret, mystery
rune (letter of the Germanic runic alphabet)

Inflection

ō-stemDeclension of *rūnō (ō-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*rūnō	*rūnôz
vocative	*rūnō	*rūnôz
accusative	*rūnǭ	*rūnōz
genitive	*rūnōz	*rūnǫ̂
dative	*rūnōi	*rūnōmaz
instrumental	*rūnō	*rūnōmiz

Derived terms

*garūniją

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *rūnu
- Old English: rūn
  - Middle English: roun
    - Scots: rune, roun, round
    - English: roun, round
- Old Saxon: rūna
  - Middle Low German: rûne, rune
- Old Dutch: *rūna
  - Middle Dutch: rune, ruun, ruen; (alruna, alrune)
    - (Dutch: alruin)
- Old High German: rūna
  - Middle High German: rūne
    - German: Raune, Rune
Proto-Norse: ᚱᚢᚾᛟ (rūnō)
- Old Norse: rún
  - Icelandic: rún f
  - Faroese: rún f
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: run f, runer f pl (← rúnir); (dialectal) rón f, rjón n
  - Old Swedish: rūn, rūna
    - Swedish: runa c or f
  - Old Danish: rune
    - Danish: rune c (partially through artificial revival), runer pl
      - Norwegian Bokmål: rune m or f
        → Norwegian Nynorsk: rune f, runa f
      - → German: Rune f
        → Dutch: rune
      - → English: rune
        → Mandarin: 盧恩／卢恩 (lú'ēn)
- → Finnish: runo
  - → Swedish: runa c or f, runo c or f
Gothic: 𐍂𐌿𐌽𐌰 (rūna)

References

^ Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*rūnō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 310

[HGE-1] Orel, Vladimir (2003) “*rūnō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 310