Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

*(s)kewH-

1. to cover, conceal, hide
2. hide, skin

• *(s)keHu-

• *(s)kéwH-dʰh₁eti
  • ⇒? *(s)kewdʰ- (with laryngeal deletion?)
    • Proto-Celtic: *koudeti
      • Proto-Brythonic: *kʉðɨd (“to hide”)
        • Middle Breton: cuzaff
          • Breton: kuzhat
        • Middle Cornish: cuthe
          • Cornish: kudha
        • Welsh: cuddio
    • Proto-Hellenic: *kéutʰō
      • Ancient Greek: κεύθω (keúthō, “to cover, hide, conceal”)
    • ⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-tis
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • >? Ancient Greek: κύστις (kústis, “bladder”) (cf. *(s)kewH-tis; alternatively from *ḱewh₁-)
    • ⇒ *(s)kéwdʰ-ye-ti
      • Proto-Germanic: *hūdijaną (see there for further descendants)
        • Proto-West Germanic: *hūdijan
          • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *hudijā, *hudjā (“hut, shelter”)
            • >? Old High German: hutta (“hut, cottage”) (see there for further descendants)

• *(s)ku-né-H-ti
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *skunáHti
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *skunáHti
      • Sanskrit: स्कुनाति (skunā́ti, “to cover”)
• *(s)kewH-lo-
  • >? Proto-Celtic: *kūlos
    • Proto-Brythonic: *kil
      • Breton: kil (“nape, back”)
      • Welsh: cil (“corner, nook; nape, back”)
      • Cornish: kil (“recess, nook; nape, back”)
    • Old Irish: cúl (“posterior”)
      • Irish: cúl
      • Manx: cooyl
      • Scottish Gaelic: cùl
  • Proto-Germanic: *skeulą (“shelter, hiding place”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiulijaną (“to shelter, hide”) (see there for further descendants)
  • >? Proto-Italic: *kūlos
    • Latin: cūlus (“posterior”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic:
    • Ancient Greek: σκύλος (skúlos, “skin, hide”)
• *(s)kewH-ṓ
  • Proto-Germanic: *skiwô (“cloud cover, haze, sky”) (see there for further descendants)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *skiwją (“cloud, sky”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kéwH-tis ~ *(s)kuH-téys (“skin, hide; sac”) ⇒ *kuH-tí-s
  • Proto-Celtic: *kutis
    • Proto-Brythonic: *kud
      • Welsh: cwd (“pouch, bag, sac, purse; scrotum”) (or borrowed from Latin cutis)
  • Proto-Germanic: *hūdiz (“hide, skin”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Italic: *kutis
    • Latin: cutis (“skin, hide, leather”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *kwāc
    • Tocharian A: kāc (“skin”)
  • ⇒ *(s)kuH-ty-eh₂ or *(s)kuH-ty-ō
    • >? Proto-Tocharian: *kātsān (“belly, stomach, abdomen; womb”)
      • Tocharian A: kāts
      • Tocharian B: kātso
• *(s)kowH-éh₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *hawō
    • Old Norse: há f (“hide”)
• *skówdʰ-eh₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *skaudō (“sheath, husk”)
• *(s)kówH-l̥ ~ *(s)kówH-ōl
  • ⇒ *(s)kowH-ol-ō
    • Proto-Germanic: *skawalô
      • >? Old Norse: skáli (“small building, shed, barn; room; drinking hall”)
        • → Middle English: scale
          • English: scale (dialectal)
        • Faroese: skáli
        • Icelandic: skáli (“hut, shed; barn, lodge; hall, dining hall”)
        • Norwegian Bokmål: skåle (“hut”)
        • Swedish: skål, skåla (“hut”) (dialectal)
• *(s)kuH-r-éh₂
  • Proto-Germanic: *skūrō (“shelter”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kuH-s-ó-m
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *hūsą (“house”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kúH-t-ō
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *huþô (“testicle”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)kuH-tó-m
  • Latin: scūtum (“shield, defense”) (see there for further descendants)
• *(s)ku(H)-tó-s
  • Ancient Greek: σκῦτος (skûtos, “skin, hide”)
  • Ancient Greek: κύτος (kútos, “hollow vessel”) (possibly, alternatively from *(s)kew- (“to pluck”))
• Unsorted formations:
  • >? Old Armenian: սուզանեմ (suzanem)
    • Armenian: սուզել (suzel)
  • >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *kjáuˀtas (“shell, skin”)
    • Lithuanian: kiáutas
    • Old Prussian: keuta
  • Lithuanian: kutỹs (“purse”)
  • Lithuanian: kẽvalas (“skin, cover”)
  • >? Old English: sċunian (“to shun, avoid; to detest”), sċeonian, sċynian, sċyniġan
    • Middle English: schonen
      • English: shun
      • Middle Scots: schune, schunne
        • Scots: shun
      • ⇒? Middle English: schonten, schonte, schount, schunt, shontt, shunt
        • English: shunt (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Germanic: *husǭ (“outer covering, shell, husk; leggings”) (see there for further descendants)
  • ⇒? Sanskrit: कुहू (kuhū, “new moon”)
  • ⇒? Sanskrit: कुहरम् (kuharam, “cave, cavity, hole”)
  • >? Proto-Italic: *kustots
    • Latin: custōs (“guard, keeper, jailer”) (see there for further descendants)