Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kʷe

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

    See *kʷis.

    This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term. This says nothing about where this term came from

    Conjunction

    *-kʷe

    1. and
      *h₂ówis *h₁éḱwoeskʷe ― the sheep and the horses (literally, “ sheep horses-and”)
      Antonym: *-wē (“or”)
    2. Forms distributives from interrogatives.

    Descendants

    • Proto-Albanian: *dže
      • Albanian: dhe
    • Proto-Anatolian: *-ku[1]
    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: -եք (-ekʻ)
    • Proto-Celtic: *-kʷe (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *-hw (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic: *-kʷe
      • Ancient Greek: τε (te)
      • Mycenaean Greek: 𐀤 (qe /⁠-kʷe⁠/)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ča (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *-kʷe[2] (see there for further descendants)
    • Phrygian: κε (ke)
    • (perhaps) Proto-Albanian: *tśe[3]
      • Albanian: s- / -s (“not”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Balto-Slavic: *es-ke
      • Proto-Slavic: *(j)eš-če (“yet, still”) (possibly a compound of *h₁es- (“to be”) +‎ *-kʷe) (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 559-561
    2. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 506
    3. ^ Demiraj, B. (1997) “s-, -s”, in Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies: ] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7)‎ (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 276
    • Wikander, Ola (2008) Ett träd med vida grenar: de indoeuropeiska språkens historia (in Swedish), Stockholm: Prisma, →ISBN
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