Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰeyh₂-

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

    Root

    *bʰeyh₂-[1]

    2. to shake, tremble
    4. to fear, be afraid
    Alternative reconstructions
    Derived terms
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (fear) (9 c, 0 e)
    • *bʰéyh₂-e-tor ~ *bʰéyh₂-o-ntor (mediopassive root present)[1]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰáyHatay (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰéyh₂-dʰe-ti (dʰe-present)
    • *bʰéyh₂-t ~ *bʰih₂-ént (athematic root aorist)[1]
    • *bʰe-bʰóyh₂-e ~ *bʰe-bʰih₂-ḗr (reduplicated stative)[1]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bajā́ˀtei (with disappearance of reduplication[3]) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *bibāną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰibʰā́yHa (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰih₂-mó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHmás (see there for further descendants)
    • *bʰih₂-tó-s
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *bʰiHtás (see there for further descendants)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯h₂-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
    2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhōi- : bhəi- : bhī- (bhii̯ə-)”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 161-162
    3. ^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2000) Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen (in German), Wiesbaden: Reichert, page 338

    Etymology 2

      Possibly connected with *bʰeyh₂- (“to shake; to fear”) above, as a semantic relationship between “shake” and “strike” is widely paralleled.

      Root

      *bʰeyh₂-[1]

      1. to strike, hit
      2. to hew, cut
      Alternative reconstructions
      Derived terms
      Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰeyh₂- (strike) (12 c, 0 e)
      • *bʰi-né-h₂-ti (nasal-infix present)[2][4]
      • *bʰih₂-yé-ti[2]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bī́ˀtei (“to beat”)[7] (or present stem derived from aorist)
          • Proto-Slavic: *bìti, *bьjǫ (1sg.pres.) (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰih₂-éh₁ye-ti (eh₁-stative)[4]
      • *bʰḗyh₂-s-t ~ *bʰéyh₂-s-n̥t[2]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
          • Proto-Slavic: *bi(tъ) (3sg.aor.), *bišę (3pl.aor.)
      • *bʰih₂-tró-s[4][8]
      • *bʰih₂-tweh₂[7][4]
      • *bʰoyh₂-ó-s[7][4]
        • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *baiˀjas
          • Proto-Slavic: *bojь (“a battle, fight”)[7] (see there for further descendants)
      • *bʰoyh₂-nóm
        • Proto-Germanic: *bainą (see there for further descendants)

      References

      1. ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q. (2006) The Oxford introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European world, Oxford University Press, page 280: “*bʰeihₐ- 'strike'”
      2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*bʰei̯Η-⁰”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
      3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhei(ə)-, bhī-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 117-118
      4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*bi(j)ēn-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 64: “*bheiH- 'to hit'”
      5. ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*bi-na-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 65: “*bʰeyH- 'strike'”
      6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “fīnis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222: “*bhiH- 'to hit, strike'”
      7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Derksen, Rick (2008) “*bìti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 41: “*bʰiH-”
      8. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “φιτρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1574: “*bʰiH- 'to strike, hew, cut'”
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