Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰébʰōl
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
Etymology
Uncertain,[2] but seemingly from *gʰebʰ- (“to give; to take?”) + *-ōl / *-l̥. Similar in formation to the synonym *káp-ōl, which likewise may be from *kap- (“to seize”), a sound-symbolic “chiming root” to *gʰebʰ-.
Noun
*gʰébʰōl m or f [1]
Inflection
| Athematic, amphikinetic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | |||
| nominative | *gʰébʰōl | ||
| genitive | *gʰbʰlés | ||
| singular | dual | plural | |
| nominative | *gʰébʰōl | *gʰébʰolh₁(e) | *gʰébʰoles |
| vocative | *gʰébʰol | *gʰébʰolh₁(e) | *gʰébʰoles |
| accusative | *gʰébʰolm̥ | *gʰébʰolh₁(e) | *gʰébʰolm̥s |
| genitive | *gʰbʰlés | *? | *gʰbʰlóHom |
| ablative | *gʰbʰlés | *? | *gʰbʰl̥mós, *gʰbʰl̥bʰós |
| dative | *gʰbʰléy | *? | *gʰbʰl̥mós, *gʰbʰl̥bʰós |
| locative | *gʰbʰél, *gʰbʰéli | *? | *gʰbʰl̥sú |
| instrumental | *gʰbʰléh₁ | *? | *gʰbʰl̥mís, *gʰbʰl̥bʰís |
Reconstruction notes
Root-final *h₂ may be assumed to account for Greek a, but this is unnecessary[1] (compare Ancient Greek ὀμφαλός (omphalós) < *h₃m̥bʰ-l̥-ós).
According to Kroonen, the Germanic forms with root vowel *a may reflect an o-grade accusative singular *gʰobʰélm̥.[1]
Descendants
- Proto-Germanic: *gebla-, *gabla- m (“head; top, summit; gable”)[1]
- (pre-)Proto-Hellenic: *kʰépʰəl
- Proto-Tocharian: *ćäpāl(ä) n (“head”)[3]
- Unknown:
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Guus Kroonen (2013) “*gebla(n)- ~ *gabla-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 173
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κεφαλή”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 682–683
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “לpāl*”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 703