Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱérh₂sō

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From an s-stem *ḱérh₂-os ~ *ḱŕ̥h₂-es-os, from *ḱerh₂- (“head, horn”), +‎ *-ō.

Noun

*ḱérh₂sō m^[1]^[2]

(top of the) head
Synonyms: *gʰébʰōl, *kap-
skull

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ḱérh₂sō	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
vocative	*ḱérh₂son	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sones
accusative	*ḱérh₂sonm̥	*ḱérh₂sonh₁(e)	*ḱérh₂sonm̥s
genitive	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	*ḱr̥h₂snóHom
ablative	*ḱr̥h₂snés	*?	ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós, ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰós
dative	*ḱr̥h₂snéy	*?	ḱr̥h₂sn̥mós, ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰós
locative	ḱr̥h₂sén, ḱr̥h₂séni	*?	*ḱr̥h₂sn̥sú
instrumental	*ḱr̥h₂snéh₁	*?	ḱr̥h₂sn̥mís, ḱr̥h₂sn̥bʰís

Related terms

*ḱérh₂ō (“horn”)
*ḱr̥h₂sḗr (“hornet”)

Coordinate terms

*h₂énts (“forehead”)
*mregʰ- (“brain; brainpan”)

Derived terms

*ḱroh₂-s-n-om
- Proto-Albanian: *krōna
  - Albanian: krye, kry, krie, kreje — Gheg
*ḱr̥h₂-s-n-(i)yo-^[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *hirzniją (“brain”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *krəhníon
  - Ancient Greek: κρᾱνίον (krāníon, “upper part of the head, skull”) (denominative)^[4] (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Tocharian:
  - Tocharian B: krāñiye (“nape of the neck”)

Descendants

Proto-Germanic: *hersô, *herznô (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *kárahə, genitive *krahətós, plural *kárahna
- Ancient Greek: κᾰ́ρᾱ (kárā), κράς (krás)
  Epic, Ionic Greek: κᾰ́ρη (kárē)
  - ⇒ κάρηνον (kárēnon, “head, mountain top”)
- Mycenaean Greek: 𐀏𐀨𐀀𐀠 (ka-ra-a-pi /⁠kraʰat-pʰi⁠/, inst.pl.)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćr̥Hsá
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śr̥Hsá
  - Vedic Sanskrit: शीर्षन् (śīrṣán)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641
^ Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “krāñiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230: “*k̂rh₂sníyom”
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770

[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κάρᾱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 641

[2] Guus Kroonen (2013) “*hersan- ~ *herzan-”, in Alexander Lubotsky, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 221–222

[3] Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “krāñiye”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 230: “*k̂rh₂sníyom”

[4] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “κρᾱνίον”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 770

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