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The original form was a neuter root noun, as can be seen from Latin os and Avestan𐬀𐬯𐬙-(ast-). In the rest of the daughters, the noun has been transferred to various vocalic stems.
Medial -th- in Sanskrit अस्थि(ásthi) requires root of the form *HestH (the initial laryngeal is there to account for the canonical shape of Proto-Indo-European root). The Latin reflex requires the initial laryngeal to be *h₃-, and Ancient Greek ὀστέον(ostéon) points to *h₁ as the root-final laryngeal.
Celtic forms require initial laryngeal to be *h₂-, so this noun is sometimes reconstructed to have the paradigm *h₂óst(h₁) ~ *h₂ést(h₁)s.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume II, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1119
De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 436
^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
^ Demiraj, B. (1997) Albanische Etymologien: Untersuchungen zum albanischen Erbwortschatz [Albanian Etymologies:] (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 7) (in German), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 82
^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “āyo”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 48