Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éd
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
Alternative reconstructions
Adverb
Alternative forms
- *h₂ed- (combining)
- (at least Indo-Iranian) *h₂éh₁ (glottalic debuccalization)
Descendants
- Proto-Celtic: *ad-
- Proto-Germanic: *at, *at- (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HáH, *HaH- (< *h₂éh₁-)
- Proto-Italic: *ad, *ad-
- Phrygian: αδ (ad), αδ- (ad-)
Derived terms
- *(a)d-sḱ-
- (perhaps) Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ց- (cʻ-)
- (perhaps) Armenian:
References
- ^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, pages 8-18
- ^ Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015) The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 259
- ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2258
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*at”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 39
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “ad”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 24
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Garnier, Romain (2014) “Nouvelles réflexions sur l’effet-Kortlandt”, in Glotta (in French), volume 90, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 140-160
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ց”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 446a
Further reading
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “¹ad-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 3
- Andrew Byrd, The Indo-European Syllable (2015), page 117: the reader should note that monosyllabic lengthening did not occur in PGmc. *hʷát "what" (< PIE *kʷód; not PGmc. ˟hʷṓt) or *át "at" (< PIE *ád; not PGmc. ˟ṓt), two words of similar shape (Ringe 2006:98).
- Major distinctive characteristics of Germanic: phonology: PIE *ád ‘at’ > PGmc. *at