Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/néḱus

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 This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *neḱ- (“to die, perish”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).[1]

Adjective

*néḱus[2][3][4]

  1. dead
  2. mortal

Inflection

Older proterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *néḱus *n̥ḱéwih₂
genitive *n̥ḱéws *n̥ḱuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *néḱus *néḱuh₁(e) *néḱewes
vocative *néḱu *néḱuh₁(e) *néḱewes
accusative *néḱum *néḱuh₁(e) *néḱums
genitive *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwoHom
ablative *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱúmos, *n̥ḱúbʰos
dative *n̥ḱéwey *? *n̥ḱúmos, *n̥ḱúbʰos
locative *n̥ḱéw, *n̥ḱéwi *? *n̥ḱúsu
instrumental *n̥ḱúh₁ *? *n̥ḱúmis, *n̥ḱúbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *n̥ḱéwih₂ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂es
vocative *n̥ḱéwih₂ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂es
accusative *n̥ḱéwih₂m̥ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂m̥s
genitive *n̥ḱuyéh₂s *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂oHom
ablative *n̥ḱuyéh₂s *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mos, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰos
dative *n̥ḱuyéh₂ey *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mos, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰos
locative *n̥ḱuyéh₂, *n̥ḱuyéh₂i *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂su
instrumental *n̥ḱuyéh₂h₁ *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mis, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *néḱu *néḱwih₁ *néḱuh₂
vocative *néḱu *néḱwih₁ *néḱuh₂
accusative *néḱu *néḱwih₁ *néḱuh₂
genitive *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwoHom
ablative *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱúmos, *n̥ḱúbʰos
dative *n̥ḱéwey *? *n̥ḱúmos, *n̥ḱúbʰos
locative *n̥ḱéw, *n̥ḱéwi *? *n̥ḱúsu
instrumental *n̥ḱúh₁ *? *n̥ḱúmis, *n̥ḱúbʰis

Later hysterokinetic pattern:

Athematic, hysterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *n̥ḱús *n̥ḱéwih₂
genitive *n̥ḱéws *n̥ḱuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *n̥ḱús *n̥ḱúh₁(e) *n̥ḱúes
vocative *n̥ḱú *n̥ḱúh₁(e) *n̥ḱúes
accusative *n̥ḱúm *n̥ḱúh₁(e) *n̥ḱúms
genitive *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwoHom
ablative *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwmos, *n̥ḱéwbʰos
dative *n̥ḱéwey *? *n̥ḱéwmos, *n̥ḱéwbʰos
locative *n̥ḱéw, *n̥ḱéwi *? *n̥ḱéwsu
instrumental *n̥ḱéwh₁ *? *n̥ḱéwmis, *n̥ḱéwbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *n̥ḱéwih₂ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂es
vocative *n̥ḱéwih₂ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂es
accusative *n̥ḱéwih₂m̥ *n̥ḱéwih₂h₁(e) *n̥ḱéwih₂m̥s
genitive *n̥ḱuyéh₂s *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂oHom
ablative *n̥ḱuyéh₂s *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mos, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰos
dative *n̥ḱuyéh₂ey *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mos, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰos
locative *n̥ḱuyéh₂, *n̥ḱuyéh₂i *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂su
instrumental *n̥ḱuyéh₂h₁ *? *n̥ḱuyéh₂mis, *n̥ḱuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *n̥ḱú *n̥ḱúyh₁ *n̥ḱúh₂
vocative *n̥ḱú *n̥ḱúyh₁ *n̥ḱúh₂
accusative *n̥ḱú *n̥ḱúyh₁ *n̥ḱúh₂
genitive *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwoHom
ablative *n̥ḱéws *? *n̥ḱéwmos, *n̥ḱéwbʰos
dative *n̥ḱéwey *? *n̥ḱéwmos, *n̥ḱéwbʰos
locative *n̥ḱéw, *n̥ḱéwi *? *n̥ḱéwsu
instrumental *n̥ḱéwh₁ *? *n̥ḱéwmis, *n̥ḱéwbʰis

Synonyms

Descendants

  • Proto-Celtic: *ankus (“death”) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Hellenic: *nékus
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *náćuš
  • Proto-Tocharian: *eṅkwe (“man”)[5]
  • >? Proto-Germanic: *unguz, *inguz (“man”)
    • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *Inguz (see there for further descendants)

References

  1. ^ The template Template:R:ine:Pooth:2015 does not use the parameter(s): 
    1=17
    Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.    Pooth, Roland A. (2015) “Proto-Indo-European Nominal Morphology. Part 1. The Noun”, in Language Arts 1‎
  2. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018) “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft ; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2232
  3. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 322
  4. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “nek̑-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 762
  5. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “eṅkwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, pages 82-83
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