Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hā́fš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps

Proto-Iranian *Hā́fš

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hā́ps, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep-.

Noun

*Hā́fš f

water

Derived terms

*Hā́pākaH

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬀𐬞𐬋 (apō, acc.pl.)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬀𐬞 (ap), 𐬁𐬟𐬱 (āfš, nom.sg.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Bactrian:
  Manichaean: 𐫏𐫀𐫂 (/⁠āb, āβ⁠/)
  
  Greek: αββο (abbo)
- Khwarezmian: (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)
- Sogdic: (*ā́p)^[1]
  - Sogdian: (/⁠ā́p⁠/)
    Buddhist: (ʾʾp)
    
    Christian: (ʾp)
    
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫀𐫛 (ʾʾp)
  - Yagnobi: ṓp, ōw
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: آب (āb)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: آپ (áp)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: av
  
  Central Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
  
  Southern Kurdish: ئاو (aw)
  
  Laki: ئاو (aw)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *ā́fš
  - Old Median: *āfš
    - Middle Median: *āv
      - Kermanic:
        Abuzeydabadi, Badrudi, Bijagani, Delijani, Meymehi, Nashalji, Qalhari, Qohrudi: ōw
        Abyanehi, Naraqi, Terrehi: ōv
        Badrudi, Chimehi, Farizandi: ou
        Jowshaqani: ū
        Mahallati, Meymehi: ō
        Nayini: āō
        Yarandi: āv
        Yazdi: vō
      - Sivandi: au
      - Tatic:
        Talysh: آو (âv), او (ov)
        Old Tati:
        Old Azari: آو (āw)
        Alviri-Vidari: او (ov)
        Eshtehardi: اِو (eow)
        Karingani: او (öv)
        Harzani: او (ū)
    - Semnani: ō
  - Tabari:
    - Gilaki: (ōv)
    - Mazanderani: او (ow)
  - Zaza-Gurani:
    - Zazaki: awe
    - Gurani: ئاوی (āʋī)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Larestani–Gulf:
  - Gulf:
    - Bashkardi: (yāp), (yā), (ău)
      Bandari: (hü)
    - Kumzari: آو (āw)
  - Larestani: او (ow), هو (how)
- Old Persian: (/⁠āpī⁠/, nom.sg.), 𐎠𐎱𐎡𐎹𐎠 (a-p-i-y-a /⁠apiya⁠/, loc.sg.) (transferred to i-stem)
  - Middle Persian:
    Manichaean: 𐫀𐫁 (ʾb /⁠āb⁠/)
    
    Pahlavi: 𐭠𐭯 (ʾp /⁠āp/, /āβ⁠/)
    - Classical Persian: آب (āb)
      - Dari: آب (āb), (dialectal) اَو (aw)
      - Hazaragi: اَو (aw)
      - Iranian Persian: آب (âb)
      - Tajik: об (ob)
      - → Ottoman Turkish: آب (āb)
        Turkish: ab
  - Lurish:
    Northern Luri: آۏ (aö)
    - Silakhori: اۋ (oü)
    Bakhtiari: ںۏ (əö)
    
    Southern Luri: ںۏ (əö)

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 107

[Novák-1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 107

[1]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hā́fš

Contents

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

References

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