Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dwitī́yah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dwitī́yas.

Adjective

*dwitī́yah^[1]^[2]

second

Derived terms

*dwitī́yakarah

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬠𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (daⁱbitiia)
  - Younger Avestan: 𐬠𐬌𐬙𐬌𐬌𐬀 (bitiia)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Old Ossetic: *δuǰi^[2]
    - Ossetian: дуккаг (dukkag), дудзи (duʒi)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *dwitəh
    - Proto-Saka:
      - Khotanese: (śätä)
      - Tumshuqese: (viti)
    - Wakhi: bət
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian:
    Greek script: βιδδιγο (biddigo)
  - Khwarezmian: (δβcy), (δβc)
  - Sogdian: (/⁠δɨβd̥ī́k⁠/)
    Brahmi: (dʰawdʰk, dʰawṯik)
    
    Buddhist: (δβtyk), (δβtʾyk(w))
    
    Christian: ܕܖܒܛܝܩ (dbṯyq)
    
    Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫤𐫏𐫐 (δβttyk), 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫐 (δβtyk), 𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫞 (δβtyq), 𐫔𐫔𐫂𐫤𐫏𐫐 (δδβtyk)
    
    Sogdian script: 𐼹𐼱𐽂𐼷𐼸 (δβtyk)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ishkashimi: (dъv)
- Ormuri-Parachi:
  - Ormuri: ("other")
    Kaniguram: (bye), (bī)
    
    Logar: (bē)
  - Parachi: bite (“again”)
- Pashto: بل (bël, “other”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: (iptē)
- Kermanic:
  Farizandi, Natanzi, Soi, Yarandi: bī
  
  Farizandi, Yarandi: abī
  
  Kesehi, Soi, Zefrehi: ebī́
  
  Natanzi: dī
  
  Nayini: äbī́
  
  Qohrudi: abī́
  
  Yazdi: be, bidī́
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: دی (dî)
  
  Northern Kurdish: dî, din
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫏𐫅 (byd /⁠bid⁠/), 𐫁𐫅𐫏𐫃 (bdyg /⁠bidīg⁠/, “second, other”)
  - Zazaki: bîn
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎯𐎻𐎫̄𐎹 (du-vi-t̄y /⁠duvitīya⁠/)
  - Middle Persian:
    Book Pahlavi script: (dtʾ /⁠dit, did⁠/, “second, other, also”)
    - Bakhtiari: (dī)
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: ("again")
      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫅𐫏 (dwdy), 𐫅𐫇𐫅𐫏𐫃 (dwdyg)
      
      Book Pahlavi script: (dwdy), (dwdyg)
      
      Turpan: (dydyg)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*du̯itīi̯a-, *bitīi̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 485-486
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

[1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*du̯itīi̯a-, *bitīi̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 485-486

[Kummel-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎ (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena

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