Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/huHarnā́h

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*farnā́h^[1]^[2]

Etymology

Presumably an s-stem variant of *húHar ~ *huHā́h (“the sun”), compare cognate Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHarwāns (“sunny; glory, fortune”).^[3] Alternatively from Proto-Indo-Iranian *párHr̥ ~ *pr̥Háns with unexplained fricatization, from Proto-Indo-European *pólh₁l̥ ~ *pl̥h₁éns, from *pleh₁- (“to fill”).^[2]

Noun

*huHarnā́h n^[4]^[3]

Derived terms

*húHarnahwāh

Descendants

Eastern Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬵 n (xᵛar^ənah), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬋 (xᵛar^ənō, nom.-acc.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬀 (xᵛar^ənaŋha, intr.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬋 (xᵛar^ənaŋhō, gen.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀𐬢𐬵𐬈 (xᵛar^ənaŋhe, dat.sg.), 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬃 (xᵛar^ənā̊, nom.-acc.pl.)
Northeastern Iranian:
- →? Proto-Slavic: *xvala
Northwestern Iranian:
- Old Median: *farnāh
  - → Old Persian: *farnāh
    - Middle Persian: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /⁠farrah⁠/) (< gen.sg. *farnahaʰ)
      - Classical Persian: فره (farrah)
        Dari: فر (farr)
        Iranian Persian: فر (far(r))
        Tajik: фарр (farr)
      - → Arabic: فَخْر (faḵr)
      - → Old Armenian: փառք (pʻaṙkʻ)
      - → Bactrian: φαρο (faro), φαρρο (farro)
      - → Parthian: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh /⁠farrah⁠/)^[5]
  - → Proto-Scythian: *fārnā
    - Proto-Sarmatian: *fārna
      - Alanic: *farnæ
        Ossetian:
        Digor Ossetian: фарнӕ (farnæ)
        Iron Ossetian: фарн (farn)
    - Khotanese: (phārra)
  - → Sogdian: (/⁠farn⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫗 (frn)
    Old Sogdian script: 𐼔𐼘𐼏 (prn)
    Syriac script: (fn)
- Parthian: (/⁠farnah ~ farrah⁠/)
  Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭂𐭃𐭄 (GDE)
  
  Manichaean script: 𐫛𐫡𐫍 (prh)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠xwarrah⁠/) (or borrowed from Avestan^[6])
  Book Pahlavi script: (GDE)
  
  Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭢𐭣𐭤 (GDE)
  
  Pazend script: 𐬓𐬀𐬭𐬭𐬀 (xᵛarra)
  - Classical Persian: خوره (x^warrah), خره (xurrah)
    Dari: خوره (xurrah)
    
    Iranian Persian: خوره (xorra(h) ~ xorre(h))
    
    Tajik: хурраҳ (xurrah)

References

^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213: “*farna-”
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002) “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, →DOI
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”
^ Korn, Agnes (2010) “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 422
^ Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”

[1] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 213: “*farna-”

[Lubotsky-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Lubotsky, Alexander (2002) “Scythian elements in Old Iranian”, in Sims-Williams, Nicholas, editor, Indo-Iranian Languages and Peoples‎, Oxford University Press, →DOI

[ESIJa-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*huarnah- > *xvarnah-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 440-441

[4] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 89: “iran. *hvarnah-”

[5] Korn, Agnes (2010) “Parthian ž”, in Bulletin of SOAS, volume 73, number 3, Cambridge University Press, →JSTOR, page 422

[6] Rezai Baghbidi, Hassan (2017) Middle Persian Historical Phonology, Osaka: Osaka University, page 77: “Med. *farnah-ah (gen. < *farnah- > OP °farnah-) > MP farrah ‘fortune, glory, splendour’ (cf. ZMP xwarrah < YAv. xvarənah-).)”

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Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/huHarnā́h

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