Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/kawráh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

Uncertain; perhaps specialized from earlier meaning of “bent” (compare Khotanese (kūrä, “crooked, non-existent, false”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kawrás (whence Sanskrit कोर (kora, “a joint”)), from Proto-Indo-European *kew-r-ós, from *kew- (“to bend”).^[1] Alternatively borrowed from Proto-Turkic *köŕ-süŕ (“blind, lit. 'eyeless'”), from *köŕ (“eye”).^[2]

Adjective

*kawráh^[3]^[1]

blind

Derived terms

*xšapkawráh (“night-blind; bat”) (+ *xšáfš (“night”))

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - >? Old Ossetic: *kurmæ (possibly borrowed from or influenced by Turkic; cf. Old Uyghur 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽴 (kwyrmʾz /⁠körmäz⁠/, “blind”))
    - Ossetian:
      Digor Ossetian: курмӕ (kurmæ)
      
      Iron Ossetian: куырм (k°yrm)
  - Wakhi: (kur)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾻𐾶𐿂 (kwr), 𐾻𐾶𐿂𐾻 (kwrk), 𐾻𐾶𐿂𐾺𐾻 (kwryk)
  - Proto-Sogdic:
    - Sogdian: (/⁠kōr⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫡 (kwr)
      
      Old Sogdian script: 𐼋𐼇𐼘 (kwr)
      
      Syriac script: (qwr)
    - Yagnobi: (kur)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri:
  Logar: کور (kor)
- Pashto: کور (kor)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: کور (kūr, “blind; blind person”)
  - Sanglechi: کور (kūr)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *kǖr
  - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *kǖr
    - Sarikoli: kɛwr
    - Shughni: ку̊р (kū̊r), (Bartangi, Khufi, Roshani) кӯр (kūr)
  - Yazghulami: кәр (kər)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: کور (kor)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: kor
  
  Central Kurdish: کوێر (kwêr)
  
  Southern Kurdish: کوور (kûr)
  
  Laki: کوور (kûr)
- Medo-Parthian:
  - Proto-Komisenian:
    - Aftari: (kur)
    - Lasgerdi: (kūr)
    - Sangisari: (kūr)
  - Old Median: *kawrah
    - Middle Median: *kōr
      - Kermanic: (Badrudi) kür, (Gazi, Kafroni, Kashani, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Zefrehi) kūr, (Kashani) kur
        Gazi, Kafroni, Kashani, Qohrudi, Sedehi, Vonishuni, Zefrehi: kūr
        
        Kashani: kur
      - Talysh:
        Anbarani: (ku)
      - ⇒ Middle Median: *mūškōr (+ *mūš (“mouse”))
        Kermanic: (Abuzeydabadi) müškūr, (Hanjani) müšküre, (Yarandi) mīškūr (“moth, bat, blind rat”)
    - Semnani: (kūr)
  - Shahmirzadi: (kûr)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠kōr⁠/)
  Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫇𐫡 (kwr), 𐫞𐫇𐫡 (qwr)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: (kwl)
  - Classical Persian: کور (kōr, kūr)
    - Dari: کور (kur)
    - Iranian Persian: کور (kur)
    - Tajik: кӯр (kür)
    - Northern Tat: (kur)
    - → Urdu: کور (kor, kūr)
      - → Brahui: کور (kor)
→ Old Armenian: կոյր (koyr)
→ Proto-Turkic:
- Azerbaijani: kor
- Karakhanid: كُورْ (kȫr)
- Crimean Tatar: kör
- Ottoman Turkish: كور (kör)
- Turkmen: kör

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Bailey, H. W. (1979) “kūra-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 62b
^ Shaw, Robert (1876) On the Ghalchah Languages (Wakhi and Sarikoli), Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
^
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[Bailey-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Bailey, H. W. (1979) “kūra-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 62b

[2] Shaw, Robert (1876) On the Ghalchah Languages (Wakhi and Sarikoli), Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal

[3] {The template Template:R:ira:ESIJa does not use the parameter(s): volume=IV
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*kaur(a)-, *kur(a)-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-377

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