Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mr̥gáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*mŕ̥gah^[1]

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mr̥gás.

Noun

*mr̥gáh^[2]

hen, bird

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mr̥gáh	*mr̥gā́	*mr̥gā́
vocative	*mr̥ga	*mr̥gā́	*mr̥gā́
accusative	*mr̥gám	*mr̥gā́	*mr̥gā́nh
instrumental	*mr̥gā́	*mr̥gáybyaH	*mr̥gā́yš
ablative	*mr̥gā́t	*mr̥gáybyaH	*mr̥gáybyah
dative	*mr̥gā́y	*mr̥gáybyaH	*mr̥gáybyah
genitive	*mr̥gáhya	*mr̥gáyāh	*mr̥gā́nam
locative	*mr̥gáy	*mr̥gáyaw	*mr̥gáyšu

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Younger Avestan: 𐬨𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬖𐬀 (mər^əγa)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian:
  - Khotanese: (murä)
  - Ossetian: маргъ (marǧ, “bird”)
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: μιργο (mirgo /⁠mirɣ⁠/, “chicken”)
  - Khwarezmian: امغ ((ʾ)mɣ- /⁠əməɣ⁠/)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *múrɣəh
    - Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊm(əʳ)ɣí, məʳɣí⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫡𐫄𐫏 (mrɣy)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼺𐽀𐼲𐼷 (mrɣy)
      
      Old Sogdian script: 𐼍𐼘𐼄𐼊 (mrɣy), 𐼀𐼍𐼘𐼄𐼊 (ʾmrɣy)
    - Yagnobi: мӯрғ (mʉrɣ)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri:
  Kaniguram: مرغه (mirgá)
  
  Logar: مرغه (morgá)
- Pashto:
  Pashto: مرغه (murğë́, mërğë́), مارغه m (mārğë́, “bird”)
  
  Waziri: مرغه (marğe)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: مرگ (murg, “bird”)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: مەل (mel), مِریشک (mirîşk, “hen”)
  
  Northern Kurdish: mir (as in mirîşk, mamir (“hen”) and mirawî (“duck”))
  
  Southern Kurdish: مر (mir), مامر (mamir, “hen”)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian:
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: مرغ (morǧ), مورغ (murɣ), مرغانه (morɣāna, “chicken egg”)
    - Old Mazanderani: مرغنه (mərǧena, “egg (of hen)”)
      - Mazanderani: مرغنه (mərǧena, “egg”), مخنه (məxene), مرغانه (mərǧāna, “chicken egg”)
        → Iranian Persian: مرغانه (morǧāna, “chicken egg”)
  - Old Median:
    - Kermanic: (“hen; bird”)
      - Kermani: morǧ
      - Zoroastrian Dari: morǧ
    - Talysh: (/⁠merǧ⁠/, “hen; bird”)
      Arabic script: مرغ
      
      Latin script: merğ
  - Parthian:
    Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫡𐫃 (mwrg)
    - → Lurish:
      Northern Luri: مرغ (morğ, “hen”)
      
      Bakhtiari: مرغ (morğ, “hen”)
    - → Classical Persian: مرغ (murǧ, “bird”)
      Dari: مرغ (murğ, “hen; bird”)
      
      Iranian Persian: مرغ (morğ, “hen; bird”)
      
      Tajik: мурғ (murġ, “hen”)
      - → Southern Kurdish: مرخ (mirx, “hen”)
      - → Bashkardi: (morg)
      - → Hindi: मुर्गी (murgī, “hen”)
      - → Hindi: मुर्ग़ा (murġā, “rooster”)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian: (/⁠murw⁠/, “bird”)
  Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫇𐫡𐫇 (mwrw)
  
  Book Pahlavi script: (mwlw')
→ Old Armenian: սիրամարգ (siramarg, “peacock”), լորամարգ (loramarg, “quail-like bird”), մարգաց (margacʻ, “name of the 11th month”)

References

^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 95
^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 212

[1] Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎, Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 95

[2] Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 212

[1]

[2]

Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mr̥gáh

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